Data hiding in AMBTC images using quantization level modification and perturbation technique

Reversible Data-Hiding Systems with Modified Fluctuation Functions and Reed-Solomon Codes for Encrypted Image Recovery

“…For some value of s, the BER of Zhang's system is better than the BER of the proposed system without RS codes, since the embedding process is different, and the fluctuation functions in Zhang's system are based on the difference of neighboring pixels. To investigate the performances of the proposed systems with RS codes, four RS codes are used, which are an RS (15,11), an RS (15,7), an RS (31,23) and an RS (31,15) code in this simulation. The code rates of the four RS codes are 0.73, 0.47, 0.74 and 0.48, respectively, and they correspond to around 1/2 and 3/4.…”

“…RS (15,7),' 'Pro. RS (31,23),' and 'Pro. RS (31,15)' represent the proposed systems with RS (15,11), RS (15,7), RS (31,23) and RS (31,15) codes, respectively.…”

“…RS (31,23),' and 'Pro. RS (31,15)' represent the proposed systems with RS (15,11), RS (15,7), RS (31,23) and RS (31,15) codes, respectively. For most values of s, the BER performances of the proposed systems with four RS codes are better than those of the referenced systems [4,5].…”

“…Data-hiding in encrypted images involves several different problems since it is impossible to directly use the contents of encrypted data. Therefore, applications of data hiding in the encrypted images have been explained in a number of papers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The usage of an encrypted image as the cover medium for concealing data is not only a relatively new research subject, but an interesting subject due to simultaneous consideration of both cryptography and steganography technology, which have been independently developed.…”

“…Kumar et al [22] proposed RDH based on prediction error and expansion based on adjacent pixels. Hong et al [23] proposed a new data-hiding technique for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) of a compressed image based on quantization level modification. Improved embedding pattern and a new measurement function were proposed in encrypted images with a high payload to enhance transmission performance [24].…”