“…and Horogenes (= Angitia) fenestralis HOLM. ], as well as some species reported by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1952JAHN ( , 1958 (1955,1958) and GRAF (1974) • Diadegma dinianator AUB.…”
Section: Ichneumonidae (Hym )mentioning
confidence: 90%
“…), was carried out from 1965 to 1977. The results from these studies are compared with those reported from other areas, i.e., Tirol and Carinthia (Austrian) (JAHN, 1948(JAHN, , 1958, Ore mountains (Erzgebirge) and low Tatra mountains (KOLUBAJEV, 1934;~APEK, 1968), Siberia (U.S.S.R.) (RAIGORODSKAYA, 1963(RAIGORODSKAYA, , 1970PLESHANOV, 1972) and England (DAY, 1977). An attempt to evaluate the role played by the natural enemies of Z. diniana is also made in the light of recent studies on the behavior of the host.…”
Section: Parasitoids and Hyperparasitoids Ofmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…All species, except 3 ichneumonids, discussed in the following 5 sections or included in tables 2, 3, 4 and 6 originate from the study areas mentioned in figure 1. In Tirol and Carinthia (Austria) the species were obtained by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1958JAHN ( ) between 1947JAHN ( and 1956, and could not be re-identified; there are some doubts about the identity of 3 Apanteles species which were never observed elsewhere in association with Z. diniana. The species listed by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1958 are included in the tables mentioned because they originate from localities situated between 2 study areas and are part of the Central European Alps.…”
Section: The Complex Of Primary and Secondary Parasitoidsmentioning
There are 109 species of primary and secondary parasitoids associated with Zeiraphera diniana GO,NEE in the Central European Alps. Ninety species are primary, 6 facultative secondary and 13 obligate secondary parasitoids. At family level, the composition of the complex seems to be the same in every outbreak area of the host, with ichneumonids predominating. In the Upper Engadine Valley (Switzerland), where intensive studies were conducted over a period of 3 consecutive outbreak periods (28 years moths into the outbreak areas during the phase of host density increase is very important. The rate of increase of the natural enemies --which are univoltine --can never equal or exceed that of their host ; consequently, control by these natural enemies alone is not possible.
“…and Horogenes (= Angitia) fenestralis HOLM. ], as well as some species reported by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1952JAHN ( , 1958 (1955,1958) and GRAF (1974) • Diadegma dinianator AUB.…”
Section: Ichneumonidae (Hym )mentioning
confidence: 90%
“…), was carried out from 1965 to 1977. The results from these studies are compared with those reported from other areas, i.e., Tirol and Carinthia (Austrian) (JAHN, 1948(JAHN, , 1958, Ore mountains (Erzgebirge) and low Tatra mountains (KOLUBAJEV, 1934;~APEK, 1968), Siberia (U.S.S.R.) (RAIGORODSKAYA, 1963(RAIGORODSKAYA, , 1970PLESHANOV, 1972) and England (DAY, 1977). An attempt to evaluate the role played by the natural enemies of Z. diniana is also made in the light of recent studies on the behavior of the host.…”
Section: Parasitoids and Hyperparasitoids Ofmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…All species, except 3 ichneumonids, discussed in the following 5 sections or included in tables 2, 3, 4 and 6 originate from the study areas mentioned in figure 1. In Tirol and Carinthia (Austria) the species were obtained by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1958JAHN ( ) between 1947JAHN ( and 1956, and could not be re-identified; there are some doubts about the identity of 3 Apanteles species which were never observed elsewhere in association with Z. diniana. The species listed by JAHN (1948JAHN ( , 1958 are included in the tables mentioned because they originate from localities situated between 2 study areas and are part of the Central European Alps.…”
Section: The Complex Of Primary and Secondary Parasitoidsmentioning
There are 109 species of primary and secondary parasitoids associated with Zeiraphera diniana GO,NEE in the Central European Alps. Ninety species are primary, 6 facultative secondary and 13 obligate secondary parasitoids. At family level, the composition of the complex seems to be the same in every outbreak area of the host, with ichneumonids predominating. In the Upper Engadine Valley (Switzerland), where intensive studies were conducted over a period of 3 consecutive outbreak periods (28 years moths into the outbreak areas during the phase of host density increase is very important. The rate of increase of the natural enemies --which are univoltine --can never equal or exceed that of their host ; consequently, control by these natural enemies alone is not possible.
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