Dairy production system type and critical points of contamination

Abstract

Current milk production includes a large diversity between systems, which generates difficulties in defining a microbiological standard. The adapted practical and hygienic-sanitary management methods are diverse and introduce great complexity into the production systems. Based on this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the types of dairy production systems of western Parana and to quantify Staphylococcus sp in three critical points in the dairy cattle production systems: the milking machines, milkers' hands, the cooling tanks and raw milk. A total of 35 samples of refrigerated raw milk were collected, and a questionnaire referring to hygienic and sanitary management was administered. All of the data were collected during the period from September to October 2012 and involved 35 properties in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon -PR. From these data, five groups were formed based on cluster analysis (CHA). The multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) presented in the first two dimensions, CP1 (81.43%) and CP2 (36.87%), showed the relevance of the variables used, which are sanitary and production management methods, and contamination and control of mastitis, respectively (CP1 and CP2). We found average contamination with 9.9 x 10 1 CFU/cm 2 , 2.2x10 4 CFU/cm 2 , 28 CFU/ cm 2 and 3.8x10 3 CFU/mL; for milking machines, milkers' hands, cooling tanks and milk, respectively. The results reveal the presence of staphylococcal agent in dairy production systems regardless of the adopted hygiene and health management protocols. The guidance, planning and adaptation of hygiene and health management systems can significantly improve the microbiological quality of the milk produced, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Key words: MCA, staphylococci, dairy cattle, hygienic and sanitary management, questionnaire ResumoA produção leiteira atual possui diversidade em seus sistemas existentes, ao gerar e proporcionar dificuldades em um padrão principalmente microbiológico. As práticas e manejos higiênico-sanitários adotadas são diversas e acarretam grande complexidade na evolução e melhora dos sistemas de produção. Com base nestes problemas, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os tipos de sistemas de produção leiteiros da microrregião oeste do Paraná e quantificar Staphylococcus sp. em três pontos críticos na produção: ordenhadeira, mão-do-ordenhador, tanque de resfriamento e leite. Foram coletas 35 amostras de leite cru refrigerado conjuntamente com um guia semiestruturado referente ao manejo higiênico-sanitário existente, no período de setembro-outubro de 2012 no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon -PR. A partir destes dados (35 Sistemas de Produção Leiteiros), foram formados 5 grupos, conforme técnica de análise de clusters (CHA). A análise de correspondências múltiplas (ACM), apresentou nas duas primeiras dimensões, CP1 (81,43%) e CP2 (36,87%), importância para a explicação das variáveis utilizadas, sendo estas de produção e manejos higiênicos; e contaminações e controle de mastite, na devida o...

Lean Six Sigma Tools for Efficient Milking Processes in Small-Scale Dairy Farms

“…For these producers, the flowchart and the Ishikawa diagram allowed for a correct analysis of the milking process and the identification of improvements since, according to producer A, "among many identified problems, mainly structural ones are consistent with reality," which confirms producer C's point of view: "yes, these problems are faithfully consistent with our daily lives". Simões et al (2015) argued that the use of best management practices reduces the presence of microorganisms, improves the health of animals' mammary glands, and, in conjunction with good processing practices, leads to a better nutritional quality for consumers, reducing the risks associated with raw milk and its products (Fagnani et al, 2021), which, for Züge (2015), ensurs that ownership will continue or become viable under the economic, social, and environmental triad.…”