D-Galactosamine Liver Injury: Absorption of Endotoxin and Protective Effect of Small Bowel and Colon Resection in Rabbits

Abstract

ffialactosamine is an amino sugar with unique hepatotoxic properties in animals. Although the mechanism of liver injury by galactosamine remains controversial, a role for bacterial endotoxin has been suggested. In the present study, using New Zealand rabbits, we show that the significant increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase which followed the injection of 4.25 mmole/kg of llgalactosamine was completely prevented in animals subjected to resection of small bowel and colon. Using an immunoradiometric assay specific for E. coli 026 endotoxin we showed that after instillation of 50 mg of E. coli into the colon, serum levels of this endotoxin were higher in the animals injected with galactosamine than the controls injected with saline. However, the differences in endotoxin concentration between the two groups of animals was statistically significant only at 30 and 60 min. The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of galactosamine liver injury is reviewed and discussed. 255 0037-9727/83/020255-05$0 1.50/0

Experimental acute alcohol pancreatitis‐related liver damage and endotoxemia: synbiotics but not metronidazole have a protective effect

“…These data are in agreement with the recent observation in a population of patients with chronic liver disease that endotoxins are closely correlated with the degree of liver damage 24 . To date, the therapeutic measures so far used to limit bacterial translocations and liver damage have been either very aggressive surgical ones, such as colectomy in experimental models, 25 or conservative ones that use antibiotics, 26,27 with the latter choice being liable to possibly enhance Escherichia coli overgrowth and translocation through the mesenteric lymph nodes 28 . As a matter of fact, metronidazole was ineffective with respect to abnormalities of endotoxemia and biochemical liver parameters following acute pancreatitis.…”

Protective effect of low molecular fraction of MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, on acute liver injury by inhibition of NF-κB and JNK/MAPK expression

“…Endogenously produced endotoxin has been implicated as a cofactor in GalN-induced hepatocellular injury, death [29,30] and TNF hypersensitivity [31]. GalN is known to sensitize animals both to the lethal effects of LPS and to a principal LPS-induced mediator, TNF-α [32].…”

Effect of Diet on Some Rat Liver Plasma Membrane and Intestinal Enzymes in Subacute Galactosamine Hepatitis

“…The observed intestinal changes may be a secondary event as a result of the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism [5][6][7][8] in GalN hepatitis. One should keep in mind the possible involvement of endotoxin [9,10] as well. In all, the intestinal disaccharidases seem to be included in the pathogenesis of GalNinduced hepatic damage.…”

“…In parallel, endotoxin-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia are also observed [8]. The role of gut-derived endotoxin in the pathogenesis of GaiN hepatotoxicity is still discussed [9][10][11]. On the other hand, the i.v.…”