Cytotoxicity of Ocimum basilicum and Impatiens walleriana Extracts on AGS and SKOV-3 Cancer Cell Lines by Flow Cytometry Analysis

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies investigate finding new drug candidates with an increasing death rate caused by cancer. Nowadays, herbal medicine has been noticed again because of the many side effects of chemical drugs. Objectives: In the current study, anthocyanin and carotenoid types of compounds of Ocimum basilicum and Impatiens walleriana were determined and their cytotoxic effect on human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines were investigated. The cytotoxic effect of I. walleriana on cancer cells has not been reported so far. Methods: The amount of anthocyanin and carotenoid derivatives in these two plant species were investigated by biochemical tests, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and flow cytometry methods were applied for the cytotoxicity effect of the extracts on the AGS and SKOV3 cancer cell lines. Cell necrosis and apoptosis were determined by annexin V-fluorescent isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI) staining and quantification by flow cytometry. Results: O. basilicum and I. walleriana contained a noticeable amount of the mentioned compounds. According to the results, the lowest IC50 (Half- maximal inhibitory concentration) value with an amount of 2.5 ± 0.21 mg/mL that indicates the most cytotoxic extract on the AGS cancer cell line belonged to I. walleriana extract. Besides, the lowest IC50 value of O. basilicum was about 0.9 ± 0. 11 mg/mL on the SKOV3 cancer cell line. The flow cytometry analysis has also proved that the toxicity of O. basilicum is more than I. walleriana on the SKOV3 cell line and the toxicity of I. walleriana was higher than O. basilicum on the AGS cancer cell line. Conclusions: O. basilicum and I. walleriana contain antioxidant compounds, which showed the cytotoxic effect on AGS and SKOV3 cancer cell lines. Further studies on animal models and subsequent trials are necessary for revealing the full potential of the extracts.

Unveiling the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Dried Egyptian Jew’s Mallow Stems as a Promising Anticancer Agent

“…Accordingly, the results reported here agree with those previously reported regarding the highly antiproliferative activity of C. Olitorius leaf extract against Caco-2 cell lines and had a low effect on sk-ov-3 cancer cell lines after treatment at the same concentration (250 µg mL −1 ) [ 6 ]. In another study, it was stated that the compounds in the Ocimum basilicum and Impatiens walleriana extracts suppressed cell viability by more than 78% [ 57 ]. The anticancer effect may be correlated to the higher content of bioactive compounds, which increase the antioxidant effect, rather than the low concentration of dried mallow stem extract.…”

Effects of artesunate on the malignant biological behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer in human and its mechanism

“…Three minutes later, 10 μl of 20 μg/ml propidium iodide solution was added to incubate the cells in the dark for 10 min at room temperature. Finally, an appropriate amount of binding buffer was added for flow cytometry [ 18 ].…”

Antiproliferiative Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Leonotis nepetifolia (L) on Human Cancer Cell lines

“…It was found that in a literature, the aqueous leaf extracts of Rhynchosia suaveolens and Gloriosa superba mediated AgNPs showed potent cytotoxic activity at a concentration (IC 50 ) of 4.2 and 61.80±4.27 µg/ml on SK-OV-3 cell lines [6,50]. Further, it was reported that the ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum showed cytotoxicity at a concentration of 5 mg/ml within 72 h with an IC 50 value of 0.91±0.11 mg/ml on SK-OV-3 cell lines [51].…”