Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Crystallochemical Analysis of a Novel and Commercially Available Bone Substitute Material

Abstract

Background. Alloplastic biomaterials are an alternative for autologous transplants and xenografts in oral surgery and dental implantology. These non-immunogenic and resorbable materials are becoming the basis for complete and predictable guided bone regeneration in many cases. The chemical composition of a great majority of them is based on calcium phosphate salts. In vivo performance is often variable. Objectives. The objective was to evaluate the biological and chemical properties of an experimental bone substitute material. Material and Methods. The present research focuses on the cytotoxicity comparison and physiochemical characterization of two biomaterials: a novel chitosan/tricalcium phosphate/alginate composite (CH/TCP/Ag) and a commercially available synthetic bone graft made of HA (60%) and βTCP (40%) (HA/TCP). The materials were evaluated according to PN-EN ISO 10993 Biological evaluation of medical devices i.e. cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblasts (L929) and, in addition, tests on human osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) and human osteosarcoma (MG-63) were conducted. The crystallochemical analysis was performed using the X-ray powder diffraction method. The Bruker--AXS D8 Advance diffractometer (Karlsruhe, Germany) was used to collect diffractograms. Results. The tested materials showed a close resemblance in chemical composition and a considerable differentiation in cytotoxic response. Conclusions.The novel composite demonstrated a high degree of cytocompatibility, which is promising in future clinical trials (Adv Clin Exp Med 2015, 24, 3, 511-516).

Engineering biomimetic periosteum with β-TCP scaffolds to promote bone formation in calvarial defects of rats

“…Although autologous bone grafts are a gold standard and allograft options are extensively used to treat bone defects in the clinical setting, they have their own drawbacks [1–3], including donor-side morbidity and increased operation time [4]. A synthetic bone substitute as an alternative solution holds great promise to treat large bone defects, and has been extensively studied over the past decades [5–7]. However, the clinical application of synthetic bone substitutes is still limited due to their insufficient vascularization capacity and limited bone-forming ability [8–10].…”

Selected Nanomaterials’ Application Enhanced with the Use of Stem Cells in Acceleration of Alveolar Bone Regeneration during Augmentation Process

“…Moreover, Bojar et. al [129] confirmed effectiveness of alloplastic materials as an alternative for autologous transplants and xenografts in oral surgery and dental implantology.…”

“…Dahabreh et al [ 128 ] check in their studies influence of bone graft substitutes on osteoprogenitor cells in terms of proliferation, differentiation and adherence. Moreover, Bojar et al [ 129 ] confirmed effectiveness of alloplastic materials as an alternative for autologous transplants and xenografts in oral surgery and dental implantology.…”

Periosteal Tissue Engineering: Current Developments and Perspectives

“…Several studies have explored on tissue‐engineered bone grafts as alternatives for treatments of bone defects [ 6–9 ] whereas studies on application of periosteum are limited. In the past few decades, clinical investigations have provided empirical evidence for the regenerative capacity of periosteum during bone repair.…”