Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Resin Based Dental Materials in Human Lymphocytes in Vitro

Abstract

SUMMARY – The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of six different dental nanocomposite materials, three conventional ones and three flowable composite resin materials, in human lymphocytes. The following materials were tested: Tetric EvoCeram, Tetric EvoFlow, Filtek Ultimate, Filtek Ultimate Flow, G-aenial and G-aenial Flo. Cytotoxicity was evaluated for two mass concentrations (0.007 g/mL and 0.013 g/mL) of each material, non-cured and cured, after 4 hours and 24 hours. Genotoxicity was evaluated using micronucleus assay under the same conditions as applied during the investigation of cytotoxicity. Uncured forms of Tetric EvoCeram, Tetric EvoFlow and Filtek Ultimate Flow in higher mass concentration caused genotoxic effect. Uncured G-aenial Flo in higher mass concentration induced apoptosis and necrosis. Uncured Tetric EvoFlow and uncured Filtek Ultimate Flow in higher mass concentration induced early apoptosis after both test periods. None of the conventional composite resin materials tested showed cytotoxicity except for uncured G-aenial, which induced apoptosis in higher mass concentration in both test periods. In conclusion, under the conditions of this in vitro study, cured conventional composites did not show cytotoxic or genotoxic effect, which is important for clinical application of these materials, whereas uncured forms exhibited certain level of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, mainly because of monomers in their composition.

Cytotoxicity of contemporary resin‐based dental materials in contact with dentin

“…In some cases, e.g., UNI and FCR, a lower C=C conversion was not associated with higher cytotoxicity. A recent study showed that uncured composite resins may decrease cell survival by inducing early apoptosis or necrosis and genotoxicity, but the same materials had no major negative effects when tested in their polymerized condition (36). The study also showed that flowable composite resins were cytotoxic even in their cured state, reinforcing the material and formulation dependency of cytotoxicity.…”

A Look Into the Cytotoxicity of Composite Fillings: Friend or Foe?

“…According to studies, there are various harmful effects of composites (Table 1 ) [ 11 - 17 ], although conventional composites have lower cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in comparison to uncured forms. These uncured forms of composites exhibit a high degree of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity due to their monomeric components which cause oxidative stress [ 18 ].…”

“…According to studies, there are various harmful effects of composites (Table 1) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], although conventional composites have lower cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in comparison to uncured forms. These uncured forms of composites exhibit a high degree of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity due to their monomeric components which cause oxidative stress [18]. In a study by Nascimento et al, two conventional resins, nine bulk-fill resins, and 11 different types of composite resins were tested on L929 fibroblast cell lines for cytotoxicity using the MTT (3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and the neutral red uptake assay.…”

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Resin-Based Restorative Materials: A Review

“…60 revealed different re-sults between the neutral red and MTT tests. Rajic et al 63 found that cured forms of composites did not show any toxic effect, whereas uncured forms exhibited a certain level of toxicity. Completely curing is not always possible due to the existence of saliva or anatomical problems in clinical conditions.…”

“…Whereas, other studies did not present any evidence regarding genotoxicity of composite resins. 63,84,85 Further research about genotoxicity is required as neither of these in vivo studies evaluated the restorative materials directly on genetic material.…”