Cytotoxic limonoids from Melia azedarach var. Japonica

HumanMelia azedarachpoisoning

“…Other limonoids isolated from the bark were shown to have cytotoxic effects (11,14). Zakir-ur-Rahman et al (10) also reported that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the flowers and berries can have mild sedating effect and can be lethal to mice and rats.…”

Intoxicação experimental com frutos de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) em suínos

“…Para alguns autores a toxina está na polpa do fruto, e é um alcalóide de estrutura química desconhecida; outros isolaram saponinas com propriedades hemolizantes (Morrison & Grant 1932, Huang et al 1995 e vários limonoides potencialmente tóxicos (Ahn et al 1994, Nakatani et al 1994, Huang et al 1995. As análises realizadas por Carratala (1939) revelaram a presença de um alcalóide, a azaridina, uma resina, tanino e ácidos meliotânico e benzóico.…”

Potent Limonoid Insect Antifeedant fromMelia azedarach

“…An analysis of the NMR data enabled us to concluded that isomer A was 12-hydroxyamoorastatin. 31) This compound has previously been isolated from the root bark of M. azedarach, 13) and its cytotoxic 5,6,31) and antifeedant 32) activity is well-established; however, as far as we know, this is theˆrst report of the isolation of this compound from a fruit extract.…”

“…1) Many limonoids have been isolated from Azadirachta indica, 2,3) Melia azedarach, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and M. toosendan, 23,24) among others. 25,26) M. azedarach is native to India and China, but currently grows in a number of continents including Africa, Australia and the Americas.…”

“…Particularly in Argentina, this tree is widespread and is used for timber and ornamental purposes. The root and stem bark of this tree have yielded sendanins, [4][5][6][7][8] trichilins, [8][9][10] azedarachins, 8,9) meliacarpins, 5,9,11) nimbolins 12) and other types of limonoids 12,13) that have been found to have cytotoxic and antifeedant activities. Moreover, sendanin, 14) nimbolidins, 15) trichilins, 16) meliacarpins, [17][18][19] and others 20,21) have been obtained from the fruit, while meliacarpins 22) have also been reported in the leaves, most of these compounds showing antifeedant properties.…”