Human<i>Melia azedarach</i>poisoning

Phua, Dong Haur; Tsai, Wei‐Jern; Ger, Jiin; Deng, Jou Fang; Yang, Chen Chang

doi:10.1080/15563650802310929

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Nevertheless, and despite these methodological uncertainties and study limitations, some publications claim having identified, for some TCM herbs, specific chemical ingredients as causative agents for liver injury, referring most likely to the intrinsic type. 38 , 39 For instance, anthraquinones and 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxy trans-stilbene -2- O -β-glucoside are proposed as the hepatotoxic components for Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, 40 , 41 volatile oils for Artemisia argyi (Ai Ye), 42 , 43 toxic proteins (ricin) for Rhicinus communis (Bi Ma Zi), 44 glycosides (kaurene) and diterpenoids for Xanthium (Cang Er Zi), 45 alkaloids (dichroine) for Dichor febrifuga Lour (Chang Shan), 46 glycosides (saponine) for Albizia julibrissin (He Huan Pi), 47 glycosides (steroids, diosgenin) and diterpenoids-lactones for Discorea bulbifera L (Huang Yao Zi), 48 , 49 glycosides (tetranortriterpenoids) for Melia azedarach (Ku Lian Zi), 50 glycosides (tripterygium), diterpenoid-lactones for Tripterygium wilfordii hook F (Lei Gong Teng), 51 alkaloids (phytolaccine) for Phytolacca acinosa Roxb . (Shan Lu), 52 or toxic proteins (abrin) for Abrus Precatorius (Xiang Si Zi).…”

Section: Complexity Of Liver Injury Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Injury

Jing¹,

Teschke²

2018

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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Cases of suspected herb-induced liver injury (HILI) caused by herbal Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are commonly published in the scientific literature worldwide. As opposed to the multiplicity of botanical chemicals in herbal TCM products, which are often mixtures of several herbs, conventional Western drugs contain only a single synthetic chemical. It is therefore of interest to study how HILI by TCM and DILI compare with each other, and to what extent results from each liver injury type can be transferred to the other. China is among the few countries with a large population using synthetic Western drugs as well as herbal TCM. Therefore, China is well suited to studies of liver injury comparing drugs with TCM herbs. Despite some concordance, recent analyses of liver injury cases with verified causality, using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method, revealed major differences in HILI caused by TCMs as compared to DILI with respect to the following features: HILI cases are less frequently observed as compared to DILI, have a smaller proportion of females and less unintentional rechallenge events, and present a higher rate of hepatocellular injury features. Since many results were obtained among Chinese residents who had access to and had used Western drugs and TCM herbs, such ethnic homogeneity supports the contention that the observed differences of HILI and DILI in the assessed population are well founded.

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Section: Complexity Of Liver Injury Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Injury

Jing¹,

Teschke²

2018

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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“…Neem ( Melia azedarach ) poisoning was reported. High doses of neem may lead to serious adverse events or death [ 44 ].…”

Section: The Most Used Tandcm Therapies In Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Descriptive Review of the Prevalence and Usage of Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Saudi Diabetic Patients

et al. 2018

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Diabetes mellitus represents a major burden in Saudi Arabia where seven million (20% of population) are living with diabetes. This article reviews the literature on usage of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) therapies among Saudi diabetic patients, focusing in particular on identifying the prevalence as well as discussing their safety and efficacy. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect) were searched prior to December 10, 2017, for articles published in peer-reviewed journals that reported primary data on the use of traditional and complementary medicine therapies among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Six studies were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of use of T&CM therapies among diabetics in Saudi Arabia was 32.18%. This review identified that the most used T&CM therapy among diabetics was herbal treatment. The most used herbs were fenugreek, black seeds, neem, myrrh, helteet, harmel, and aloes. There is insufficient or little evidence to support the efficacy of the most identified herbs and therapies. This review is raising the safety concerns about the used herbs and complementary therapies which were commonly used without any medical consultation.

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“…Toxicity to vertebrates is a concern, as Chinaberry has been documented to have had ill effects and even resulted in death when mammals have ingested large quantities [19-22]. However, the documented toxic quantities are many orders of magnitude greater than those used in this trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal effects of Chinaberry (Melia azederach) powder on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia

Trudel

Bomblies

2011

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundSynthetic insecticides are employed in the widely-used currently favored malaria control techniques involving indoor residual spraying and treated bednets. These methods have repeatedly proven to be highly effective at reducing malaria incidence and prevalence. However, rapidly emerging mosquito resistance to the chemicals and logistical problems in transporting supplies to remote locations threaten the long-term sustainability of these techniques. Chinaberry (Melia azederach) extracts have been shown to be effective growth-inhibiting larvicides against several insects. Because several active chemicals in the trees' seeds have insecticidal properties, the emergence of resistance is unlikely. Here, we investigate the feasibility of Chinaberry as a locally available, low-cost sustainable insecticide that can aid in controlling malaria. Chinaberry fruits were collected from Asendabo, Ethiopia. The seeds were removed from the fruits, dried and crushed into a powder. From developmental habitats in the same village, Anopheles arabiensis larvae were collected and placed into laboratory containers. Chinaberry seed powder was added to the larval containers at three treatment levels: 5 g m-2, 10 g m-2 and 20 g m-2, with 100 individual larvae in each treatment level and a control. The containers were monitored daily and larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes were counted. This experimental procedure was replicated three times.ResultsChinaberry seed powder caused an inhibition of emergence of 93% at the 5 g m-2 treatment level, and 100% inhibition of emergence at the two higher treatment levels. The Chinaberry had a highly statistically significant larvicidal effect at all treatment levels (χ2 = 184, 184, and 155 for 5 g m-2, 10 g m-2 and 20 g m-2, respectively; p < 0.0001 in all cases). In addition, estimates suggest that sufficient Chinaberry seed exists in Asendabo to treat developmental habitat for the duration of the rainy season and support a field trial.ConclusionsChinaberry seed is a very potent growth-inhibiting larvicide against the major African malaria vector An. arabiensis. The seed could provide a sustainable additional malaria vector control tool that can be used where the tree is abundant and where An. arabiensis is a dominant vector. Based on these results, a future village-scale field trial using the technique is warranted.

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HumanMelia azedarachpoisoning

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Injury

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Injury

A Descriptive Review of the Prevalence and Usage of Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Saudi Diabetic Patients

Larvicidal effects of Chinaberry (Melia azederach) powder on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia

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