Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L. on A549 Lung Cancer and B16 Melanoma Cancer Cells

Abstract

Kaempferia galanga L. belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae, an endangered medicinal plant with pharmacology activities. Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) is an essential phytoconstituent of K. galanga rhizomes. Several studies have reported that EPMC has anticancer activities in several cancer cells, including CL-6 gallbladder cancer cells, HepG2liver cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and Raji lymphoma cancer cells. However, studies on A549 lung cancer and B16 melanoma cancer cells have not been reported. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of EPMC against A549 lung cancer and B16 melanoma cancer cells. EPMC was obtained by extraction using n-hexane, then recrystallized with chloroform. The isolate was then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the structure was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity was determined under Presto Blue assay. Based on the result, EPMC from K. galanga showed the cytotoxic effect on B16 cells with an IC50 value of 97.09 μg/mL, whereas EPMC showed no significant cytotoxic effect on A549 with an IC50 value of 1407.75 μg/mL. It was concluded that EPMC has potential cytotoxic on B16 melanoma cancer cells, but it showed inactive activity against A549 lung cancer cells. Further molecular mechanism underlying EPMC cytotoxic activity needs to be conducted.

Synthesis of Esters Containing Cinnamoyl Motif with Potential Larvicide Action: A Computational, Ecotoxicity and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessments

“…The MTT analysis proved that ethyl cinnamate ( 3c ) was non‐toxic to nasal epithelial cells, which is in agreement with Behar et al., who have shown no cytotoxic effect on lung cells by this compound that is present in electronic cigarette refill fluids [42] . Furthermore, previous work has also demonstrated significant non‐cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell lines [43] …”

“…[42] Furthermore, previous work has also demonstrated significant non-cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell lines. [43] Notably, CADs are often used in the cosmetic industry and medicinal chemistry field, as the cinnamoyl portion increases biological activity whilst reducing levels of cytotoxicity. [17]…”

The effect of essential oil concentrations on particle size of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) nanoemulsions with maltodextrin and tween 80 as emulgators

“…Kencur effectively treats various diseases including cough, nausea, swelling, ulcers, and antitoxin [5]. Kencur has also been reported to have medicinal potential for hypoglycaemics and antitubercullosa [6], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory [7][8], and anti-cancer [9]. Kencur is used to mix in herbal drinks, so it is safe to be absorbed into the body.…”