An endophyte fungus, Clonostachys rosea, which was isolated from mangrove plants, was subjected to a one-strain-many compounds (OSMAC) strategy. We have shown that modification of culture media enhanced the productions of secondary metabolites by C. rosea. It was found to produce four new compounds and one known compound, (-)-vertinolide (1), in a medium of rice with commercially apple juice.Furthermore, (-)-dihydrovertinolide (2) was phytotoxic action in lettuce seeding at a concentration of 50 mg L -1 .
Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally, and the incidence rate has increased annually. Traditional medicine is frequently used as a cancer treatment, and soursop or Annona muricata L (A. muricata) is a traditional medicinal plant that has been widely used as an anticancer treatment and requires more thorough study. Methods: In this research, we prepared ethanol extract and three solvents, ie, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water fractions of A. muricata leaves and assessed their antiproliferation and cytotoxic activity on MCF7 breast cancer cells compared with that on CV1 normal kidney cells; observation of cell morphology by stained with mixture of propidium iodide and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole indicated that this treatment induced an ongoing process of apoptotic cell death in MCF7 cells. To clarify the cell death mechanism via apoptosis, we assessed the mRNA expression in the caspase cascade of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1, and anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 which mediated cytotoxic activity of extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of A. muricata leaves against MCF7 cells. Results: The ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water fractions of A. muricata leaves had IC 50 values of 5.3, 2.86, 3.08, and 48.31 µg/mL, respectively, in MCF7 cells but had no activity in CV1 cells. The high cytotoxic activity of A. muricata leaves was reflected by changes in the morphology of cancer cells that appeared after 6 h exposure to A. muricata leaf extract and ethyl acetate fraction; the membrane and nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis were characterized by the rupture and loss of membranes and nuclei. The mechanism that mediates this cytotoxic activity in MCF7 cells was mediated through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and an increase in caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Therefore, the leaves of the medicinal plant A. muricata contained compounds that on extraction exerted a highly effective activity as an anticancer treatment for breast cancer via induced apoptotic cell death.
A new antimalarial sterol, kaimanol (1), along with a known sterol, saringosterol (2) was isolated from the Indonesian Marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. The chemical structure of the new compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by comparison to those related compounds previously reported. Isolated compounds, 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC 50 values of 359 and 0.250 nM, respectively.
Two flavanoid compounds, catechin (1) and epicatechin (2), have been isolated from the stembark of Chisocheton pentandrus. The chemical structure of compounds1and2were identified by spectroscopic data including, UV, IR, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, DEPT 135°, HMQC, HMBC, 1 H-1 H COSY) and MS and by comparing with previously reported spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2, were isolated in this plant for first time and showed no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.