The effect of essential oil concentrations on particle size of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) nanoemulsions with maltodextrin and tween 80 as emulgators

Abstract

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) essential oil nanoemulsion was proposed to replace baby powder which has been banned in several countries. This study aimed to determine the effect of various kencur essential oil concentrations on particle size and to measure their stability during storage. This research was initiated by examining essential oil quality and followed by the formulation of nanoemulsion with maltodextrin and tween 80. PSA characterized it, and stability was observed for six weeks. The results showed that the essential oil of kencur was of good quality with a clear yellow color oil, a distinctive odor of kencur, 0.933 g/mL of density, and a 1.480 refractive index value. This value is considered standard in Indonesia's National standards (SNI) of essential oil. The L1, L2, L3, and L4 nanoemulsion formulas have particle sizes: 20.4 nm, 20.3 nm, 21.7 nm, and 26.2 nm, respectively. L1 (0.475) is chosen as the best formula based on the PI value. The formulas showed good stability and homogeneity for six weeks of storage. Its pH is also persistent at room temperature (30 °C) or in refrigerator storage (7 °C).

Formulation and antibacterial effectiveness of fermented soybean husk extracts from industrial waste of tempe as eco-friendly hand sanitizer gel

“…The downward regression direction indicates that the higher the concentration of the added extract, the lower the pH of the hand sanitizer gel. The pH value of hand sanitizer gel decreases due to the presence of flavonoid compounds in acidic extracts [16]. In addition, there is a fermentation treatment on the skin of Ari, which produces lactic acid bacteria that produce organic acids so that the pH value decreases [17].…”

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation

“…Pumival et al have reported that Tween 80 alone can stabilize a microemulsion of Citrus hystrix leaf oil [ 13 , 14 ]. Setyawati et al utilized Tween 80 as a surfactant to formulate a stable emulsion containing K. galanga rhizome oil [ 18 ].…”

“…Kundun et al reported a nanoemulsion of K. galanga rhizome oil (0.4 mg/mL) prepared via an ultrasonication method using 1% saponin as a surfactant [ 19 ]. In another study, a nanoemulsion of K. galanga rhizome oil was prepared via ultrasonication using maltodextrin as a stabilizer and Tween 80 as a surfactant [ 18 ]. Praseptiangga et al prepared an edible film incorporated with Ceiba pentandra honey and K. galanga oil [ 20 ].…”