Cytoskeleton in Pollen and Pollen Tubes of Ginkgo biloba L.

Liu, Junmei; Hong, Zhang; Li, Yan

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00123.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The reproductive biology of Ginkgo has received considerable attention since the discovery of its multiflagellate spermatozoids by Hirase in 1896. To date, many studies on the anatomical and developmental aspects during the gametophytic life cycle of Ginkgo have been reported (Friedman 1987a;Lu et al 2009;Wang et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and pollen dispersal mechanism in Ginkgo biloba L.

et al. 2011

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Lu, Y., Wang, L., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Jin, B. and Chen, P. 2011. Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and pollen dispersal mechanism in Ginkgo biloba L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 971–981. Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the oldest gymnosperms. Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and dispersal are important for successful pollination and reproduction. In this study, we investigated the development of male cone, pollen and the sporangial wall in detail. The results indicate that: (1) The primordia of male cones and leaves begin to differentiate in early June and remain open until the following March. The male cones then mature and release pollen in mid-April. The male cones are drooped and approximately perpendicular to the leaves during pollination. (2) The microsporocytes develop from the sporogenous cell and form a tetrahedral tetrad after two simultaneous asymmetrically meioses, then produce a matured four-cell pollen after three polar mitotic divisions. The matured pollen is hemispheric in shape with a large aperture area and three pollen wall layers; once released from the microsporangia, the pollen becomes boat-like in shape. (3) The sporangial walls are eusporangiate and consist of epidermis, endothecium and tapetum. The differentiation of the tapetum occurs separately from that of the epidermis and endothecium, and originates from the outermost layer of sporogenous cells. The sporangial walls exhibit shrinkage of the epidermis, fibrous thickening of the endothecium, and enzymic dissolution of the tapetum during pollen dispersal, which contributes to microsporangia opening. Based on these results, we conclude that there many unique and primitive characteristics of the development of the male cones, pollen and sporangial wall of G. biloba. In addition, we also found that the male cones, pollen and sporangial walls have evolved efficient structural and morphological adaptations to anemophily.

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Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and pollen dispersal mechanism in Ginkgo biloba L.

et al. 2011

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“…To address this issue, sex-specific molecular markers can be used to provide more accurate and reliable information on population sex ratios, because they are not restricted to flowering individuals (Eppley 2001, Stehlik and Barrett 2005, Shelton 2010). These markers have mostly been developed for applied research in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and medicine, and few studies have applied molecular approaches to provide accurate and comprehensive assessments of the sex ratios of dioecious trees in natural field environments (Ling et al 2003, Zhang et al 2016, Liao et al 2017, Zhou et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular sexing reveals ontogenetic shifts in sex ratios and underlying processes in a dioecious tree species

Lin,

Zhang,

Queenborough

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Most dioecious plants are trees. However, because of the difficulty in determining sex from vegetative morphology, previous investigations of the sex ratios of dioecious trees were limited to flowering individuals, leading to inadequate and potentially unreliable data on patterns of sex ratios and the underlying mechanisms driving their variation. Here, we applied sex-specific molecular markers to investigate the sex ratio of a fully mapped population of the dioecious tree Diospyros morrisiana (Ebenaceae) in a subtropical forest. We also investigated the sexual dimorphism of life-history traits and spatial association between male and female trees to determine potential processes shaping the sex ratio at different life stages. Molecular sexing revealed a female-biased population sex ratio for this D. morrisiana population, contrasting with the male-biased operational (i.e., flowering) sex ratio. The sex ratio of D. morrisiana shifted from female-biased to male-biased over older life stages. We found that reproduction had a larger impact on the growth of female trees, which may account for the ontogenetic shift in sex ratio. There was no evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes beyond a scale of 2 m. Through molecular sexing of all individuals across all life stages, our work revealed for the first time a shift from a female- to a male-biased sex ratio in a huge population of a dioecious tree species. To better understand variation in sex ratios and the underlying mechanisms in dioecious trees, the sex of non-flowering and juvenile individuals should be included in future studies.

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“…Low molecular weight antioxidants (АО) are vitamins C and E, carotenoids, glutathione tripeptide, amino acids cysteine and methionine, etc. [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelated micronutrient fertilizers as effective antioxidants applied for foliar plant treatment

Pakhomova

Daminova

2020

BIO Web Conf.

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The antioxidant status of spring wheat cells was studied for foliar treatment with a 0.1 % solution of copper, molybdenum-containing chelated micronutrient grade ZhUSS-2 in field experiments when cultivating plants on soil with a low content of these trace elements. The activation of the antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, as well as a decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation (according to the content of malondialdehyde) under the action of this drug in all phases of plant vegetation was identified. A similar effect of iron-, manganese-and zinc-containing ZhUSS micronutrient fertilizers is analyzed. The conclusion is made about the antioxidant effect of these chelated micronutrient fertilizers.

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Cytoskeleton in Pollen and Pollen Tubes of Ginkgo biloba L.

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and pollen dispersal mechanism in Ginkgo biloba L.

Male cone morphogenesis, pollen development and pollen dispersal mechanism in Ginkgo biloba L.

Molecular sexing reveals ontogenetic shifts in sex ratios and underlying processes in a dioecious tree species

Chelated micronutrient fertilizers as effective antioxidants applied for foliar plant treatment

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