Cytological diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphomas: A case series

Abstract

Objective To assess the cytological diagnosis and follow‐up of patients suffering from vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) diagnosed in our institution. Methods and Results From January 2010 to June 2017, we collected 15 patients with VRL. Twelve patients had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL); of these, 11 had primary central nervous system (CNS) DLBCL, one had ocular localisation of follicular lymphoma, one had extranodal NK/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma and one had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The results of the cytological examination (cell morphology and immunocytochemistry) of the vitreous fluid were available for 9/15 VRL. The interleukin‐10/‐6 ratio was >1 in eight of 12 DLBCL. Molecular testing was useful in 6/15 cases (clonality evaluation or MYD88 L265P mutation testing). Eight out of 11 primary CNS DLBCL patients had CNS involvement, with 22‐month progression‐free survival. In our series, only two out of 11 CNS DLBCL patients died of disease after 2 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusions The short delay to assert the diagnosis of VRL could explain the quite good prognosis in our series, which highlights the need to consider a diagnosis of DLBCL as first step. The cytological features, as a reliable way to identify VRL, must always guide the choice of techniques for further investigations given the small amount of vitreous fluid available for analysis.

Surface-Induced Dissociation of Noncovalent Protein Complexes in an Extended Mass Range Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer

“…Protein complexes that have previously been characterized by SID in Q-TOF platforms, 30,42 were chosen to demonstrate the SID capabilities of the Orbitrap instrument modified in this work. Streptavidin (SA) was purchased from Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ (Rockford, IL, USA) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from bovine liver was purchased from Millipore Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

“…In contrast, previous work has shown that SID of streptavidin tetramer results in the production of dimers at low energy, and monomers at high energy, consistent with the interface areas and complex geometry determined by crystal structure. 30 Charge states 11+ through 9+ are dominant for streptavidin tetramer that is ionized from ammonium acetate: TEAA solution. The 11+ charge state was selected using the quadrupole mass filter, and fragmented by SID (45 V, 495 eV) forming primarily dimers of charge state 5+ and 6+ (Figure 2b, c).…”

“…Clear assignment of this nature was not possible in previous TOF studies without the assistance of IM. 30 Additional work investigating the localization of ligand binding by SID using the instrument described here was recently published and highlights additional applications and capabilities of the SID-Orbitrap instrument. 31 The work presented here expands upon the utility of FT-based mass analysis in the field of native MS.…”

“…29 Additionally, SID of ligand-bound protein complexes often results in subcomplexes with ligands retained in the binding pocket, which is often not the case for CID. 30,31 These features make SID a useful tool to probe biomolecular complexes without solved structures. [32][33][34] Until recently, work involving SID of protein complexes has largely been carried out on TOF platforms.…”

The role of cytology in the diagnosis of haematological malignancies

“…On the same theme of cytological diagnosis of high grade B cell lymphomas , the paper by Quintyn et al presents a series of 15 patients affected by vitro‐retinal lymphomas diagnosed on vitreous fluid. In the current World Health Organisation classification, these rare subtypes of large B cell lymphomas are grouped with the primary central nervous system lymphomas as diseases of immuno‐privileged sites.…”