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The treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) remains controversial regarding the use of local, systemic, or combined treatments. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of intravenous high‐dose methotrexate (IV HD‐MTX) based systemic therapy in a uniformly treated population of PVRL patients. From a nationwide French database, we retrospectively selected 59 patients (median age: 70 years, median Karnofsky Performance Status: 90%) with isolated PVRL at diagnosis who received first‐line treatment with HD‐MTX between 2011 and 2018. 8/59 patients also received a local treatment. No deaths or premature discontinuations of MTX due to toxicity were reported. A complete response was obtained in 40/57 patients after chemotherapy. Before treatment, IL‐10 was elevated in the aqueous humor (AH) or in the vitreous in 89% of patients. After treatment, AH IL‐10 was undetectable in 87% of patients with a CR/uCR/PR and detectable in 92% of patients with PD/SD. After a median follow‐up of 61 months, 42/59 (71%) patients had relapsed, including 29 isolated ocular relapses as the first relapse and a total of 22 brain relapses. The median overall survival, progression‐free survival, ocular‐free survival and brain‐free survival were 75, 18, 29 and 73 months, respectively. IV HD‐MTX based systemic therapy as a first‐line treatment for isolated PVRL is feasible, with acceptable toxicity, even in an elderly population. This strategy seems efficient to prevent brain relapse with prolonged overall survival. However, the ocular relapse rate remains high. New approaches are needed to improve local control of this disease, and ocular assessment could be completed by monitoring AH IL‐10.

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ABSTRACT. Background and objectives:We carried out a prospective study in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peribulbar anaesthesia supplemented by a sub-Tenon injection in case of inadequate analgesia during vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: We performed 300 consecutive vitreoretinal procedures. Patients received a mean volume of 17∫4.5 ml of a mixture of etidocaine 1%, bupivacaine 0.50% and hyaluronidase (25 UI/ml). Supplementation was represented by a sub-Tenon infiltration of lidocaine 2% (2 or 3 ml). This volume was not included in the mean volume.Results: Analgesia was adequate throughout surgery without any supplementation in 85% of cases and with a sub-Tenon infiltration in 99%. Akinesia was complete in 82%, mild in 15% and absent in 3% of cases. The sub-Tenon injection was performed immediately before starting the procedure in 58% of cases and during the surgery with a delay of 80∫21 min in 42%. Eleven patients (3.66%) were agitated during surgery and two of them needed a general anaesthesia to allow for the procedure. Generalised epilepsy was encountered in two patients (0.66%) immediately after the peribulbar injection in one patient and 15 min later in the other. The systolic blood pressure severely decreased between 60 to 70 mm Hg 40 min after the accomplishment of the peribulbar in 2 patients and at 90 min in 2 others. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that peribulbar anaesthesia alone offers excellent analgesia in 85% of patients and supplemented by a sub-Tenon injection in 99%.

The preservation of vitreous fluid cells on culture medium led to the diagnosis of retinal lymphoma in 10 of 12 cases, and exclusion of this diagnosis in 26 cases. This protocol may be applied even when the delay in shipping from the surgery to the pathology departments exceeds 1 h.

Objective To assess the cytological diagnosis and follow‐up of patients suffering from vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) diagnosed in our institution. Methods and Results From January 2010 to June 2017, we collected 15 patients with VRL. Twelve patients had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL); of these, 11 had primary central nervous system (CNS) DLBCL, one had ocular localisation of follicular lymphoma, one had extranodal NK/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma and one had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The results of the cytological examination (cell morphology and immunocytochemistry) of the vitreous fluid were available for 9/15 VRL. The interleukin‐10/‐6 ratio was >1 in eight of 12 DLBCL. Molecular testing was useful in 6/15 cases (clonality evaluation or MYD88 L265P mutation testing). Eight out of 11 primary CNS DLBCL patients had CNS involvement, with 22‐month progression‐free survival. In our series, only two out of 11 CNS DLBCL patients died of disease after 2 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusions The short delay to assert the diagnosis of VRL could explain the quite good prognosis in our series, which highlights the need to consider a diagnosis of DLBCL as first step. The cytological features, as a reliable way to identify VRL, must always guide the choice of techniques for further investigations given the small amount of vitreous fluid available for analysis.

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