1985
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1985.03350310071027
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Cytologic Manifestations of Cervical and Vaginal Infections

Abstract: We used multiple logistic regression to analyze microbiological and clinical correlates of inflammatory and epithelial cell changes on Papanicolaou-stained cervical smears in patients from a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Among randomly selected patients, increased numbers of histiocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the presence of transformed lymphocytes were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection, while increased lymphocytes were associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection; minimal… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Chlamydia infection has been reported to be associated with RCC [7, 24], with more than 80% of Chlamydia positive cases showing RCC in one study [24]. This is similar to our finding that 63% of the subjects positive for Chlamydia showed RCC, compared to 25% of Chlamydia negative women.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Chlamydia infection has been reported to be associated with RCC [7, 24], with more than 80% of Chlamydia positive cases showing RCC in one study [24]. This is similar to our finding that 63% of the subjects positive for Chlamydia showed RCC, compared to 25% of Chlamydia negative women.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…TV infection results in recruitment of immune cells to the vaginal mucosa and in inflammation. Lymphocytes, including those that express CD4, are increased in swabs taken from mucosa of TV infected women [81, 96, 97]. Neutrophil numbers are also increased in women with TV although this is not know to affect HIV susceptibility [44, 79].…”
Section: Immunity/inflammation and Tvmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Persistent inflammation leads to increased cellular turnover, especially in the epithelium, and provides a selection pressure that results in the emergence of cells that are at a high risk for malignant transformation[1] Inflammatory Pap smear is the most common report the gynecologist receives even when the cervix appears normal. The original Papanicolau classification of class 2 smears denotes inflammation and the recommendation is to repeat the smear after treating the infection[2] However, this does not specify the type of infection, and the present reporting of Pap smear by the Bethesda system reports on specific infections and classifies it under benign cellular changes. [3] The cervical screening algorithm for benign cellular changes recommends treatment of infection if indicated and performing a repeat Pap smear in 4 to 6 months time and, if the inflammatory changes persist, to subject the patient to colposcopy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%