Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Status Following a Handball Game in Elite Male Players

Abstract

Background.Handball is considered an intermittent sport that places an important stress on a player's aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. However, the oxidative stress responses following a handball game remain unknown. We investigated the responses of plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers following a single handball game. Methods. Fourteen male elite Brazilian handball athletes were recruited in the present study. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, and 24 hours after the game. Results. After the game and during 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of all oxidative stress indices changed significantly in a way indicating increased oxidative stress in the blood (thiol groups and reduced glutathione decreased, whereas TBARS and plasma antioxidant capacity was increased) as well as in erythrocyte (increased levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also significantly changed by handball. Muscle damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) increased significantly after exercise. In addition, IL-6 increased after the game, whereas TNF-α decreased during recovery. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that a single handball game in elite athletes induces a marked state of oxidative stress evidenced by the oxidative modification in plasma and erythrocyte macromolecules, as well as by changes in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system.

Moderate exercise training has anorexogenic effect associated with improved oxidative stress in obese women

“…GSH plays a multifunctional role in protecting biomolecules from oxidative damage during exercise so the findings in this study may suggest an acute compensatory response of the antioxidant defenses against the ROS production. In agreement with this compensation theory, Marin et al (2011) found that GSH concentration was reduced immediately after a handball game. In addition to GSH/GSSG ratio, F2-Isoprostanes are considered to be the best available chemically stable biomarkers of oxidative stress induced lipid peroxidation in vivo (Roberts and Morrow 2000), that also present in detectable amounts in plasma and are unaffected by lipid content in the diet (Gopaul et al, 2000).…”

Skeletal Muscle, Myokines and Health

“…Stefanyk and Dyck (2010) et al showed that plasma TNF-α is generally unchanged by a single bout of exercise [11]. However, Marin et al (2011) showed that at plasma IL-6 levels increased significantly only immediately postgame and normalized at 24 hours in handball game in elite male players, the other unexpected result of their study was the significantly reduction of TNF-α after 24 hours of recovery [48].…”

Effects of Body Contact during Incremental and Intermittent Exercise on Running Power in Handball Players*

“…Movements such as jumping, shooting, and intense body contact are also performed. In this very high-intensity sport the total distance traveled during a match can be as much as 4500-7000 m, heart rates reach around 170 beats per minute (BPM), and muscle damage may be evident after a match (Tanaka et al, 2002;Marin et al, 2011). Thus, handball is a sport that requires high aerobic and anaerobic abilities (Tanaka et al, 1997;Tanaka, 1999).…”