Skeletal Muscle, Myokines and Health

Abstract

Abstract

Excessive secretion of IL-8 by skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes impairs tube growth: potential role of PI3K and the Tie2 receptor

“…Recently we and others found the same to be true for additional factors (3,8). Among those factors are IL-8, GRO␣, and IL-15 that, in addition to their immunomodulatory function, are known modulators of angiogenesis (12,15,52). Given that T2D is associated with disordered vascularization (31) and with reduced CD in skeletal muscle specifically (26,33,40,43), we wished to explore the potential paradox between a T2D-related increase in proangiogenic factors and reduced vascularization, with both occurring in skeletal muscle.…”

“…Several of these myokines, IL-8, GRO␣, and IL15, while acting as modulators of inflammation (2,52), are also known to be proangiogenic factors (12,15,52). Multiple lines of evidence support associations between circulating levels of IL-8, GRO␣, and IL-15 and insulin resistance (44,48,52,67).…”

Irisin in the Glucose Continuum

“…Furthermore, sedentary lifestyle is a major culprit for many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, T2D, sarcopenia, CVD and others [7]. That is why myokines have been suggested to have beneficial effects on the metabolism and their deficiency to play a key role in the pathogenesis of those conditions [8]. One such myokine, "irisin" has recently been identified by Bostrom et al [9].…”

FNDC5 (irisin) gene and exceptional longevity: a functional replication study with rs16835198 and rs726344 SNPs

“…Myokines are substances that are produced by skeletal muscles, especially induced by exercise, and modulate different metabolic processes locally or in other target tissues (Febbraio and Pedersen 2005;Duzova 2012). The peptidic myokine "irisin," secreted in r e s p o n s e t o a c t i v a t i o n o f t h e p e r o x i s o m e proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α), has been recently identified (Bostrom et al 2012).…”