Cyromazine resistance detected in <scp>A</scp>ustralian sheep blowfly

Levot, G. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00984.x

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Such ready availability of cheap and effective control has inhibited research into other measures especially in the last 10 years. The only issue with this suppression is that once resistance does develop, as it has in Lucilia to almost all commercial drugs used to date (127), then there will be little if anything available other than drug combinations and a scramble to rapidly reassess past research for alternative controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The immunobiology of myiasis infections – whatever happened to vaccination?

Sandeman

Bowles

Colwell³

2014

Parasite Immunology

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The current state of myiasis vaccine technologies are reviewed mainly in the primary research genera of Lucilia and Hypoderma. The importance of myiasis flies as primary causes of morbidity and mortality in agricultural species and man has not diminished despite the existence of good control strategies. However, the development of vaccines against myiasis infections has been relatively quiescent for more than 10 years despite the rapid development of genomic and proteomic analysis and of skills in data interpretation. The value of vaccine research in an era of chemical primacy is analysed. In fact, recent findings of drug resistance and the impact of animal welfare concerns should mean a renewed interest in alternative controls. The reasons that this has not been true to date are explored and new possibilities discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The immunobiology of myiasis infections – whatever happened to vaccination?

Sandeman

Bowles

Colwell³

2014

Parasite Immunology

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“…Third‐instar larvae were taken from struck sheep on the Monaro property during the flywave of summer 2011 . The isolate was passaged, without any cyromazine selection, through three generations in the laboratory to provide larvae for the implant study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third‐instar larvae were harvested from the struck ewe lambs and transferred, in sand, to a laboratory for breeding and subsequent testing for the presence of resistance, as previously reported . Identified as CYR‐LS, this isolate was from an apparent field breakdown in protection period following treatment with a generic spray‐on formulation containing cyromazine 6%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identified as CYR‐LS, this isolate was from an apparent field breakdown in protection period following treatment with a generic spray‐on formulation containing cyromazine 6%. Laboratory testing indicated that a small number (4%) of these larvae survived the susceptible, discriminating dose of 1 ppm of cyromazine in a larval development assay, suggesting low‐level resistance was present in the CYR‐LS strain (referred to as the Nimmitabel strain by Levot).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effective control of a suspected cyromazine‐resistant strain of Lucilia cuprina using commercial spray‐on formulations of cyromazine or dicyclanil

Baker¹,

Pf²,

George³

et al. 2014

Aust Veterinary J

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“…The consequent loss of livestock, costs of preventative and curative chemical treatments, and animal welfare issues place significant economic burdens on livestock enterprises (Lane et al., 2015). The blowfly has developed resistance to various classes of chemical insecticides used for its control, including organochlorines, organophosphates, the benzoyl-phenyl urea diflubenzuron (Levot, 1995, Sandeman et al., 2014) as well as the triazine cyromazine (Levot, 2012). Only two preventative blowfly control chemicals, the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin and the cyanopyrimidine dicyclanil, remain effective with no resistance yet reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors against a dipteran parasite of sheep, Lucilia cuprina

Bagnall

Hines

Lucke

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are being investigated for the control of various human parasites. Here we investigate their potential as insecticides for the control of a major ecto-parasite of sheep, the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. We assessed the ability of HDACi from various chemical classes to inhibit the development of blowfly larvae in vitro, and to inhibit HDAC activity in nuclear protein extracts prepared from blowfly eggs. The HDACi prodrug romidepsin, a cyclic depsipeptide that forms a thiolate, was the most potent inhibitor of larval growth, with equivalent or greater potency than three commercial blowfly insecticides. Other HDACi with potent activity were hydroxamic acids (trichostatin, CUDC-907, AR-42), a thioester (KD5170), a disulphide (Psammaplin A), and a cyclic tetrapeptide bearing a ketone (apicidin). On the other hand, no insecticidal activity was observed for certain other hydroxamic acids, fatty acids, and the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide. The structural diversity of the 31 hydroxamic acids examined here revealed some structural requirements for insecticidal activity; for example, among compounds with flexible linear zinc-binding extensions, greater potency was observed in the presence of branched capping groups that likely make multiple interactions with the blowfly HDAC enzymes. The insecticidal activity correlated with inhibition of HDAC activity in blowfly nuclear protein extracts, indicating that the toxicity was most likely due to inhibition of HDAC enzymes in the blowfly larvae. The inhibitor potencies against blowfly larvae are different from inhibition of human HDACs, suggesting some selectivity for human over blowfly HDACs, and a potential for developing compounds with the inverse selectivity. In summary, these novel findings support blowfly HDAC enzymes as new targets for blowfly control, and point to development of HDAC inhibitors as a promising new class of insecticides.

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Cyromazine resistance detected in Australian sheep blowfly

Abstract: Cyromazine resistance was detected in a field population of L. cuprina. Low-level cross-resistance to dicyclanil was also confirmed. Until more is known about the resistance, the prudent recommendation to control flystrike by this blowfly population is topical treatment with ivermectin.

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

The immunobiology of myiasis infections – whatever happened to vaccination?

The immunobiology of myiasis infections – whatever happened to vaccination?

Effective control of a suspected cyromazine‐resistant strain of Lucilia cuprina using commercial spray‐on formulations of cyromazine or dicyclanil

Insecticidal activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors against a dipteran parasite of sheep, Lucilia cuprina

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