“…Combining such in silico methods with manual inspection, literature searches and even additional bioassays, will assist functional annotation of transcripts that lack sequence homology to model organisms (De La Fuente et al, 2016a ; Haçariz and Sayers, 2016 ; Lew-Tabor and Valle, 2016 ). In this regard, additional reverse genetics approaches such as gene knock-down (e.g., RNAi) and gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9) have been successful in describing in vivo protein function for parasitic and non-parasitic (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster ) helminths and arthropods, as well as evaluation of potential targets for parasite/vector control (e.g., expressed library immunization or ELI and phage display) (Dalvin et al, 2009 ; Ellis et al, 2012 ; Waaijers et al, 2013 ; Sandeman et al, 2014 ; Tröße et al, 2014 ; Aghebati-Maleki et al, 2016 ; Britton et al, 2016 ; De La Fuente et al, 2016a ; Zamanian and Andersen, 2016 ; Crauciuc et al, 2017 ; Gao et al, 2017 ; Macias et al, 2017 ; Rahumatullah et al, 2017 ).…”