CyHV‐2 transmission in traded goldfish stocks in Germany—A case study

Adamek, Mikołaj; Hellmann, John; Jung‐Schroers, Verena; Teitge, Felix; Steinhagen, Dieter

doi:10.1111/jfd.12734

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These bacteria could be responsible for increased mortality (Adamek et al., ). In the same way, severe bacteria and virus co‐infections were reported during CyHV‐2 infections and synergistically lead to the death of fish (Adamek, Hellmann, Jung‐Schroers, Teitge, & Steinhagen, ; Fichi et al., ; Sahoo et al., ). In smallmouth bass, co‐infection of largemouth bass virus (LMBV) and Flavobacterium columnare lead to a temperature‐dependent increase in mortality (Boonthai et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease

Adamek

Teitge

Jung‐Schroers

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Koi sleepy disease (KSD) is a disease with increasing importance in global common carp aquaculture. Despite the fact that carp edema virus (CEV) is most likely the causative agent of KSD, the disease often presents itself as multifactorial with several parasites and bacteria species present on gills, skin or in internal organs. Therefore, in this study, we analysed and presented initial results on an interaction of flavobacteria and CEV in the development of clinical KSD in carp suffering from proliferative gill disease. We examined selected field samples from Germany and Hungary and confirmed the presence of CEV and flavobacteria co-infections in subset of the samples. In several infection experiments, we studied the transfer and dynamics of both infections. Furthermore, we analysed which Flavobacterium species could be isolated from KSD-affected fish and concluded that Flavobacterium branchiophilum is a possible copathogen. Antibiotic treatment experiments showed that CEV seems to be the primary pathogen causing an insult to the gills of carp and by these enabling other pathogens, including F. branchiophilum, to establish co-infections. Despite the fact that F. branchiophilum co-infection is not required for the development of clinical KSD, it could contribute to the pathological changes recorded during the outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease

Adamek

Teitge

Jung‐Schroers

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The Ct values of 28 and 30 indicate a moderate amount of the virus in the samples (Table ). Earlier studies from goldfish found very divergent virus loads from Ct values more than 25 up to values of 5–10 during the outbreak of a clinical disease (Adamek, Hellmann, et al., ; Goodwin, Sadler, Merry, & Marecaux, ). The high Ct values of CyHV‐2 from clinically diseased fish in the present investigation again might be related to the array of organs collected to the medium used for DNA extraction.…”

Section: Detection Of Cev and Cyhv‐3 Dna In Common Carp From Serbian mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…(). Prussian carp samples were tested for the presence of CyHV‐2‐specific DNA sequences by real‐time PCR (Wang, Xu, & Lu, ) and end‐point PCR (Waltzek, Kurobe, Goodwin, & Hedrick, ) as described by Adamek, Hellmann, Jung‐Schroers, Teitge, and Steinhagen (). All primer sequences, annealing temperatures and number of cycles are indicated in Table S1.…”

Section: Detection Of Cev and Cyhv‐3 Dna In Common Carp From Serbian mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of two novel viral pathogens (CEV and CyHV‐2) affecting Serbian cyprinid aquaculture and ichthyofauna

Radosavljević

Adamek

Milićević

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), the etiological agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN) disease, is a pathogen of goldfish that has been associated with disease outbreaks in goldfish culture (Jeffery et al, 2007). The pathogen first reported as the cause of outbreaks in juvenile goldfish in 1992 from Japan (Jung & Miyazaki, 1995), has subsequently been reported from more than 13 countries (Adamek et al, 2018). In India, CyHV-2 infection was associated with large-scale mortalities of goldfish in West Bengal (Sahoo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and characterization of fantail goldfish fin (FtGF) cell line from goldfish,Carassius auratusfor in vitro propagation of Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2)

Dharmaratnam

Kumar

Valaparambil

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), is responsible for massive mortalities in the aquaculture of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Permissive cell lines for the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2 have been established from various goldfish tissues by sacrificing the fish. Here, we report the development of a cell line, FtGF (Fantail Goldfish Fin), from caudal fin of goldfish using non-lethal sampling. We also describe a simple protocol for successful establishment and characterization of a permissive cell line through explant method and continuous propagation of CyHV-2 with high viral titer using this cell line. Methods Caudal fin tissue samples were collected from goldfish without killing the fish. Cell culture of goldfish caudal fin cells was carried out using Leibovitz’s L-15 (L-15) medium containing 20% FBS and 1X concentration of antibiotic antimycotic solution, incubated at 28 °C. Cells were characterized and origin of the cells was confirmed by sequencing fragments of the 16S rRNA and COI genes. CyHV-2 was grown in the FtGF cells and passaged continuously 20 times. The infectivity of the CyHV-2 isolated using FtGF cells was confirmed by experimental infection of naïve goldfish. Results The cell line has been passaged up to 56 times in L-15 with 10% FBS. Karyotyping of FtGF cells at 30th, 40th and 56th passage indicated that modal chromosome number was 2n = 104. Species authentication of FtGF was performed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA and COI genes. The cell line was used for continuous propagation of CyHV-2 over 20 passages with high viral titer of 107.8±0.26 TCID50/mL. Following inoculation of CyHV-2 positive tissue homogenate, FtGF cells showed cytopathic effect by 2nd day post-inoculation (dpi) and complete destruction of cells was observed by the 10th dpi. An experimental infection of naïve goldfish using supernatant from infected FtGF cells caused 100% mortality and CyHV-2 infection in the challenged fish was confirmed by the amplification of DNA polymerase gene, histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. These findings provide confirmation that the FtGF cell line is highly permissive to the propagation of CyHV-2.

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CyHV‐2 transmission in traded goldfish stocks in Germany—A case study

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease

Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease

Occurrence of two novel viral pathogens (CEV and CyHV‐2) affecting Serbian cyprinid aquaculture and ichthyofauna

Establishment and characterization of fantail goldfish fin (FtGF) cell line from goldfish,Carassius auratusfor in vitro propagation of Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2)

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