Occurrence of two novel viral pathogens (<scp>CEV</scp> and Cy<scp>HV</scp>‐2) affecting Serbian cyprinid aquaculture and ichthyofauna

Radosavljević, Vladimir; Adamek, Mikołaj; Milićević, Vesna; Maksimović-Zorić, Jelena; Steinhagen, Dieter

doi:10.1111/jfd.12789

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Before 2020, KSD/CEVD presence was reported in the following European countries: United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Netherlands, France, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Serbia and Croatia (Adamek, Baska, et al, 2018;Bigarré & de Ploufragan-Plouzané, 2016;Haenen et al, 2013;Jung-Schroers et al, 2015;Lewisch et al, 2015;Matějíčková et al, n.d.;Matras et al, 2017;Pretto et al, 2015;Radosavljevic et al, 2018;Way et al, 2017;Zrnčić et al, 2020). Besides Japan, KSD/CEVD was confirmed in other Asian countries, namely India, Iraq, Republic of Korea, China and Thailand (Kim et al, 2018;Pikulkaew et al, 2020;Swaminathan et al, 2016;Toffan et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Epidemi Ologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carp edema virus and immune response in carp (Cyprinuscarpio): Current knowledge

Machát

Pojezdal

Piačková

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most economically valuable freshwater fish worldwide. The majority of global production of common carp is destined for human consumption, but members of its ornamental variety, koi carp, are also raised for decorative purposes. According to annual statistics of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), fishery and aquaculture production of common carp accounted for more than 7.5% of the global freshwater fish production in 2018. More specifically, more than 4.3 million tons of carp were caught or bred in 2018 with a steady yearly increase (FAO, 2020). The importance of common carp is even greater in Europe, where it accounted for over 30% of the freshwater fish production in 2018 (FAO, 2020). Historically, chronicles depict domestication of common carp in China centuries before domestication in Europe, but it is possible that the domestication occurred independently in both places (Balon, 1995; Vilizzi, 2012). Viral diseases are one of the most relevant causes of a decrease in aquaculture production, either through significant reduction of their growth rate or by direct mortalities of the host fish. Among numerous carp viral diseases, three diseases seem to be most important as they cause extensive damage to carp aquaculture. Carp edema virus (CEV) together with cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (koi herpesvirus, CyHV-3, KHV) and carp sprivivirus (spring viraemia of carp virus, SVCV) are infectious viruses causing disease and major losses in common carp populations and carp varieties around the world. Out of these three, only SVCV affects a broad number of the Cyprinidae family members, causing spring viraemia of carp (SVC) (Hoole et al., 2001).

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Section: Epidemi Ologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carp edema virus and immune response in carp (Cyprinuscarpio): Current knowledge

Machát

Pojezdal

Piačková

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The obvious signs of the disease are pale swollen gills, body swelling, enophthalmia, anorexia, ulceration around the mouth and fin base, and inflammation of the anal vent (Haenen et al, 2016; Jung‐Schroers et al, 2015). Pretto et al (2015) observed also an overproduction of mucus on the gills and skin. Disease outbreaks occurred in koi in the fall and spring within a temperature range between 15 and 25°C, while outbreaks in common carp were mainly reported at lower temperatures between 6 and 9°C (Way & Stone, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In recent years, carp edema virus (CEV), formerly described as a cause of high mortalities in koi carp juveniles in Japan only (Murakami, Shitanaka, Toshida, & Matsuzato, 1976), emerged as an important pathogen of ornamental koi and common carp in many European countries, namely in the UK (Way & Stone, 2013), the Netherlands and France (Haenen, Way, Stone, & Engelsma, 2014), Austria (Lewisch, Gorgoglione, Way, & El‐Marbouli, 2015), Germany (Jung‐Schroers et al, 2015), Poland (Matras et al, 2017), Hungary (Adamek, Baska, Vincze, & Steinhangen, 2018) and Serbia (Radosavljevic, Adamek, Miličević, Maksimović‐Zorić, & Steinhagen, 2018). Beyond Europe, apart from being an endemic disease in Japan (Oyamatsu, Hata, Yamada, Sano, & Fukuda, 1997), outbreaks were reported from koi carp in India (Swaminathan et al, 2016), China (Zhang et al, 2017) and South Korea (Kim et al, 2018), and from both koi and common carp in the United States of America (Lovy, Friend, Al‐Hussinee, & Waltzek, 2018; Padhi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia

Zrnčić

Oraić

Zupičić

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm‐water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.

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“…Over the last decade, carp edema virus (CEV) infection, also termed koi sleepy disease, has emerged as a serious disease threatening the European common carp aquaculture and koi trade (1,4,5). CEV infections, both in common and koi carps, are currently known from many European countries (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Outbreaks of CEV in the Czech Republic date back to 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carp Edema Virus Infection Is Associated With Severe Metabolic Disturbance in Fish

et al. 2021

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Significant mortalities associated with emerging viral diseases are challenging the economy of common carp aquaculture. As such, there is an increased need to disentangle how infected fish cope with progressive disease pathology and lose the ability for homeostatic maintenance of key physiological parameters. A natural carp edema virus (CEV) infection outbreak at a carp fish farm provided an opportunity to examine diseased and healthy carp in the same storage pond, thereby contributing to our better understanding of CEV disease pathophysiology. The disease status of fish was determined using PCR-based virus identification combined with analysis of gill pathology. Compared with healthy control carp, the blood chemistry profile of CEV-infected fish revealed major disruptions in electrolyte and acid-base balance (i.e., hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated pH, base excess, and anion gap and decreased partial dissolved carbon dioxide). In addition, we recorded hyperproteinaemia, hyperalbuminaemia, hypotonic dehydration, endogenous hyperammonaemia, and decreased lactate along with increased creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Red blood cell associated hematology variables were also elevated. The multivariate pattern of responses for blood chemistry variables (driven by sodium, pH, partial dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, and albumin in the principal component analysis) clearly discriminated between CEV-infected and control carp. To conclude, we show that CEV infection in carp exerts complex adverse effects and results in severe metabolic disturbance due to the impaired gill respiratory and excretory functioning.

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Occurrence of two novel viral pathogens (CEV and CyHV‐2) affecting Serbian cyprinid aquaculture and ichthyofauna

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Carp edema virus and immune response in carp (Cyprinuscarpio): Current knowledge

Carp edema virus and immune response in carp (Cyprinuscarpio): Current knowledge

Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia

Carp Edema Virus Infection Is Associated With Severe Metabolic Disturbance in Fish

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