Cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth in beagle dogs

Abstract

Development of gingival overgrowth during daily long-term cyclosporine A treatment was studied in 2-yr-old beagles. Gingival enlargement developed in five of 12 dogs (42%), primarily in the mandibular anterior area. The earliest gingival changes occurred by 3 wk as an increase in the size of the interdental papillae. The lesions progressively became more severe, in some cases obscuring portions of teeth by wk 6. The redundant tissue exhibited an increase in connective tissue components and an inflammatory infiltrate primarily of plasma cells. Severity of the overgrowth varied in responding animals; both incidence and severity were related to the CSA concentration in blood. The mean CSA blood levels of responders were significantly greater than nonresponders at wk 3, 6 and 10. Since beagles develop gingival overgrowth similar to humans, they provide an excellent model to investigate the roles of local and systemic factors in the induction of gingival overgrowth.

In vivo association of immunophenotyped macrophages expressing CD163 with PDGF-B in gingival overgrowth-induced by three different categories of medications

“…19 Group II showed acanthotic epithelium with hyperorthokeratosis and elongated rete processes within the underlying collagenous and vascular connective tissue. This is in agreement with Rahman et al, 20 Gonçalves et al, 21 Seibel et al, 22 and Pilloni et al 23 They indicated that thickening of the epithelium and elongated rete processes appeared to be a characteristic feature of CsAinduced GO. Spolidorio et al 24 and Nurmenniemi 25 attributed increased epithelial thickness in CsA-induced GO to the influence of connective tissue on epithelial architecture causing an increase in the mitotic activity in the oral epithelium.…”

Increased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Rats

“…The relationship between CsA treatment and gingival overgrowth has been reported in human and some experimental models, 2,6,8,31‐35 although the exact etiology is not understood. The pathophysiological mechanisms of CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth may include features such as an increase in the epithelial thickness and an increase in the proliferation of connective tissue components 4,6,8,9 .…”

Canine Papillomavirus—A Centenary Review

“…Severe oral papillomatosis was also seen in a dog with hypogammaglobulinaemia (Bredal et al, 1996), and a further report described multiple cutaneous squamous papillomas associated with IgM deficiency and impaired T-cell responses (Mill and Campbell, 1992). Papillomatosis of the skin (Gregory et al, 1986;Ruehl et al, 1987;Seibel et al, 1989a) and gingiva (Seibel et al, 1989b) was noted as one of several complications of cyclosporin-A therapy; however, no papillomaviral DNA or antigen was demonstrated (Seibel et al, 1989a). Prolonged or severe papillomavirus infections were reported in human patients immunosuppressed by either human immunodeficiency virus infection or iatrogenic means (Stark et al, 1994;Benton and Arends, 1996).…”