Cyclodextrin-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of fungicides in water, juice, and vinegar samples via HPLC

Rapid analysis of triazine herbicides in fruit juices using evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplets and HPLC-DAD

“…On the other hand, an excessive volume of extraction solvent results in a low enrichment factor. 14,29,30 Therefore, a series of experiments using different volumes of 1dodecanol (in the range 100 to 350 mL) were conducted to determine the optimal volume of extractant.…”

“…31 The former reduces the solubility of analytes in the aqueous phase and hence boosts the recovery rate. 14 On the other hand, the salting-in effect leads to a high ionic environment that blocks mass transfer between the organic and aqueous phases, which also reduces the extraction efficiency. 30 The inuence of sodium chloride was evaluated in a series of experiments using different amounts of the salt (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg) while the other parameters remained xed.…”

“…9 In addition, the highly-toxic dispersive solvent used reduces the partition coefficients of analytes and affects their subsequent phase transfer. 14 For these reasons, various modied-DLLME methods for extracting organic analytes from samples have been developed. Examples here include ultrasound-assisted, 15,16 vortex-assisted, 17 and microwave-assisted 18,19 methods.…”

“…1332 | Anal. Methods, 2022,14,[1329][1330][1331][1332][1333][1334] This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022…”

Ultrasound-assisted switchable hydrophilic solvent-based homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazole fungicides in environmental water by GC-MS

“…They have efficient and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and play an important role in safeguarding agriculture. 1,2 For example, myclobutanil could be used against powdery mildew affecting vegetables. 3 However, with the intemperate use of these pesticides, they may eventually enter the aqueous system, penetrate the soil and enter the groundwater.…”