Many plants grown with low-millimolar concentration of NH 4 + as a sole nitrogen source develop NH 4 +-toxicity symptoms. To date, crucial molecular identities and a 1 | INTRODUCTION The response of plant growth to environmental nitrogen (N) can be characterized, at least in part, by their ability to effectively absorb nitrogenous substances via a spectrum of transport systems, and the ability to sense different N forms and alter the root system
A novel colourimetric method for the detection of nitrite in food samples using digital image colourimetry (DIC) by smartphone is developed. Nitrite directly oxidise 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form a yellow TMB diimine (oxTMB). A smartphone was used to capture the image of an inherent colour variation and analyse the image with the RGB (red, green, and blue) model, achieving the quantitative detection of nitrite. Linear response for the detection of nitrite was obtained from 10 μmol L−1 to 440 μmol L−1 and the limit of quantification was 2.34 μmol L−1. The applicability of the method was confirmed by the detection of nitrite in cabbage, pickle, and ham. The recovery was varied in the range from 96.2 % to 108.2 % with a relative standard deviation of less than 5.0 %. The simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method was an alternative for the detection of nitrite in food samples.
A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly sample preparation method for pyrethroids determination in cereals using cyclodextrin-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was established. The cereal samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up, and concentrated by green extractant menthol via γ-cyclodextrin assisted extraction process. The extractant menthol dispersed as fine droplets in the cyclodextrin solution and then solidified at room temperature for efficient extraction and convenient collection. The optimized method provided good linearity in the range of 0.01–10 mg kg−1 with limits of detection of 3.5–9.5 μg kg−1. The fortified recoveries of three pyrethroids (i.e., lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and bifenthrin) in four cereals (i.e., rice, wheat, maize, and millet) at three levels were in the range of 77.6–101.6% with relative standard deviations of 0.6–6.6%. Overall, the proposed method can be successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in cereals.
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