Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano

Patrick, Matthew R.; Dietterich, H. R.; Lyons, J. J.; Diefenbach, A. K.; Parcheta, Carolyn; Anderson, K. R.; Namiki, Atsuko; Sumita, I.; Shiro, B.; Kauahikaua, James P.

doi:10.1126/science.aay9070

Cited by 95 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…1d). The fissure 8 lava flow reached the ocean at the eastern tip of the island in early June, destroying several subdivisions and establishing a stable lava channel that persisted for two months 44 .…”

Section: Kīlauea Volcano and The 2018 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting

et al. 2020

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The 2018 summit and flank eruption of Kīlauea Volcano was one of the largest volcanic events in Hawaiʻi in 200 years. Data suggest that a backup in the magma plumbing system at the long-lived Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption site caused widespread pressurization in the volcano, driving magma into the lower flank. The eruption evolved, and its impact expanded, as a sequence of cascading events, allowing relatively minor changes at Puʻu ʻŌʻō to cause major destruction and historic changes across the volcano. Eruption forecasting is inherently challenging in cascading scenarios where magmatic systems may prime gradually and trigger on small events.

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Section: Kīlauea Volcano and The 2018 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting

et al. 2020

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“…Peak emission rates exceeding LERZ eruption surpassed that observed during the 1983-early 2018 eruption episodes at Kīlauea 19,39 . Further, in terms of both eruption rates (50-500 m 3 /s, dense rock equivalent) 35,40 and erupted volume (~1.5 km 3 in 94 days) , the 2018 eruption was 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than any other in the preceding 180 years of activity on the LERZ 41 . The lava effusion and SO2 emissions from Fissure 8 declined dramatically on the 4 th August 2018 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…To get a broad sense of trace metal emission rates from the laze plume in 2018 we follow the method of Edmonds and Gerlach 29 , who estimated the HCl emission rates in a laze plume associated with lava flows emanating from the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent (2004-05). We use lava effusion rates at the main Fissure vent 40 , combined with assumptions about how much still-molten lava reaches the ocean entry, to estimate a Cl emission rate from seawater. The Cl emission rate is then combined with X/Cl ratios of trace elements measured in the laze plume to determine trace element emission rates (supplement section S9, Table S7).…”

Section: The Origin Of the Laze Plume And Late-stage Degassing At Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava-seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Mason

Wieser²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Volcanoes represent one of the largest natural sources of metals to Earth’s surface. Emissions of these pollutants and/or nutrients have important implications for the biosphere. We compare gas and particulate chemistry, including metals, of the substantial magmatic (≥200 kt/day SO2) and lava-seawater interaction (laze) plumes from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i. The magmatic plume contains abundant volatile chalcophile metals (e.g. Se), whereas the laze is enriched in seawater components (e.g. Cl), yet Cu concentrations are 105 times higher than seawater. High-temperature speciation modelling of magmatic gases at the lava-air interface emphasises chloride’s critical role in metal/metalloid complexation during degassing. In the laze, concentrations of moderately (Cu, Zn, Ag) to highly volatile (Bi, Cd) metals are elevated above seawater. These metals have an affinity for chloride and are derived from late-stage degassing of distal lavas, potentially facilitated by the HCl gas formed as seawater boils. Understanding these processes yields insights into the environmental impacts of volcanism in the present day and geological past.

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“…and 28, ERZ eruptive events (lava fountains < 80 m) were associated with SO 2 emissions of ≥ 50, 000 tonnes per day (Neal et al, 2019;Elias et al, 2018). Multiple cycles of ongoing short pulses of eruptive degassing activity at the vent and longer periods of effusive volcanism in the ERZ caused ongoing aerosol emissions (Patrick et al, 2019). Figure 1 shows the summit crater before, during, and after peak eruptive activity and indicates optically denser clouds within the aerosol plume with respect to surrounding clouds during peak degassing (Figure 1, lower right).…”

Section: The 2018 Eruptive Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of volcanic emissions on clouds during the 2008 and 2018 Kilauea degassing events

Breen¹,

Barahona²,

Yuan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Aerosol emissions from volcanic eruptions in otherwise clean environments are regarded as natural experiments where the aerosol effects on clouds and climate can be partitioned from other effects like meteorology and anthropogenic emissions. In this work, we combined satellite retrievals, reanalysis products, and atmospheric modeling to analyze the mechanism of aerosol-cloud interactions during two degassing events at the Kilauea Volcano in 2008 and 2018. The eruptive nature of the 2008 and 2018 degassing events was distinct from long-term volcanic activity for Kilauea. For both events, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the effects of aerosol emissions on macro and microphysical cloud processes for both liquid and ice clouds. This is the first time such an analysis has been reported for the 2018 event. Similarities between both events suggested that aerosol-cloud interactions related to the cloud albedo modification were likely decoupled from local meteorology. In both events the ingestion of aerosols within convective parcels enhanced the detrainment of condensate in the upper troposphere resulting in deeper clouds than in pristine conditions. Accounting for ice nucleation on ash particles led to enhanced ice crystal concentrations at cirrus levels and a slight decrease in ice water content, improving the correlation of the model results with the satellite retrievals. Overall, aerosol loading, plume characteristics, and meteorology contributed to observed and simulated changes in clouds during the Kilauea degassing events.

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Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano

Cited by 95 publications

References 54 publications

The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting

The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting

Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava-seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Effect of volcanic emissions on clouds during the 2008 and 2018 Kilauea degassing events

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