Cyclic ketoenols: Acaricides and insecticides with a novel mode of action

Abstract

SUMMARYModern crop protection industry puts great efforts into the investigation and development of pesticides (insecticides, acaricides) with a novel mode of action, primarily because of increasingly important problem of resistance of pest organisms to pesticides. Resistance of many pest arthropod species (insects and mites) to insecticides and/or acaricides became a global phenomenon in the last decades. Therefore, pest management heavily relies on constant introduction of novel active ingredients in use, i.e. on the alternative use of a number of compounds with different modes of action in order to save the longevity of newly developed products. Among pest arthropods, according to the potential for resistance development and a number of documented cases, spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), especially species Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi, as well as certain species of whiteflies and leaf aphids (Homoptra: Aleyrodidae, Aphididae) stand out.In 2002, the company Bayer CropScience introduced spirodiclofen, a tetronic acid derivative and the first cyclic ketoenol, acaricide with a wide spectrum and a novel mode of action -inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. Soon after, spiromesifen was introduced, also a derivative of tetronic acid, acaricide and insecticide intended for control of phytophagus mites and whiteflies. Spirotetramat, a tetramic acid derivative, and the third member of the ketoenol group, was recently commercialised as an insecticide efficient against whiteflies, leaf aphids and other harmful Homoptera. In this paper are presented the most significant properties of cyclic ketoenols, aiming at pointing to the possibilities and prospects of their use, but also to potential problems and limitations.

Residue level and dissipation pattern of spiromesifen in cabbage and soil from 2-year field study

“…Cabbage whitefly, aphids, and mites are considered as destructive pests which reduce the yield significantly (Trdan and Papler 2002;Antonious et al 2007;Alavo and Abagli 2011;Richter and Hirthe 2014). Spiromesifen could be used for control of these pests (Marcic et al 2011). Pesticides applied to cabbage may remain within the leaves due to its multilayered structure.…”

Efficacy of Spirotetramat in the Control of Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla Pyri L.) on Pear Trees in Poland

“…Therefore, there is a constant need to test new formulations in order to control this pest effectively. As far as pear production is concerned, new products containing spirotetramat were studied and registered for the control of harmful pests such as thrips, nematodes, leaf midges, spider mites, aphids, scale insects, and others, including psyllas (Kay and Herron, 2010;Mansour et al, 2010;Marcic et al, 2011;Page-Weir et al, 2011;Smiley et al, 2011). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spirotetramat − Movento 100 SC used to control pear psylla on pear trees in Poland.…”

Acaricides and mode of actions

“…Akarın yumurta koyması engellenebilir, bu nedenle olağan dışı büyük dişi akarlar görülebilmektedir. Yumurta bırakamayan dişilerde kısa zaman içinde ölüm görülmektedir (Marcic et al, 2011).…”