Residue level and dissipation pattern of spiromesifen in cabbage and soil from 2-year field study

Abstract

Spiromesifen is a new class of insecticide used for the control of whiteflies and mites which have developed resistance to the more commonly used neonicotinoids. Dissipation pattern of spiromesifen on cabbage was evaluated over 2 years by conducting supervised field studies as per good agricultural practices. Cabbage and soil samples were extracted and purified using modified QuEChERS method and analyzed through gas chromatography (GC). Confirmatory studies were carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The recoveries of spiromesifen from cabbage and soil were between 85.44 and 103.37% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) between 3.2 and 9.4% (n = 6). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 μg mL(-1) and 0.01 mg kg(-1), respectively. The measurement uncertainties (MUs) were within 9.9-14.9%. Initial residues of spiromesifen on cabbage were 0.640 and 1.549 mg kg(-1) during 2013 and 0.723 and 1.438 mg kg(-1) during 2014 from treatments at standard and double doses of 125 and 250 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1), respectively. Spiromesifen residue dissipation followed first-order rate kinetics, and it degraded within the half-lives of 2.9 and 3.9 days during 2013 and 3.2 and 4.5 days during 2014. The residue levels reached below the maximum residue limit (MRL; 0.02 mg kg(-1)) within 15-17 days at the standard dose and 24-27 days at the double dose. The field soil analyzed at harvest (30 days) was free from spiromesifen residues. Metabolite spiromesifen-enol was not detected in any sample which was confirmed through LC-MS/MS analysis.

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

“…MRMs and SRMs involve the same fundamental steps. However, MRMs are usually applied to monitor or screen various classes of pesticides in commodities, whereas SRMs are applied for individual pesticides in specific crops to determine half‐lives, dissipation patterns, PHI and PHRL (Jang et al, ; Park et al, ; Rahman et al, , Rahman, Na, et al, ; Siddamallaiah & Mohapatra, ). Therefore, for the purposes of safety and dietary risk assessment, an effective analytical method must be developed to quantitatively determine the parent compound and its metabolites, if any, in specific crops, even though the metabolites are not included in the definition of residue.…”

“…However, conflict between countries regarding acceptable levels may hinder international trade; therefore, the standardization of MRLs is necessary. In this regard, two organizations, the European Union at the European level and the Codex Alimentarius Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization (Codex Alimentarius, 2012) have Ford et al, 2011;Im et al, 2015;Ko et al, 2014;Namgung et al, 2014;Park et al, 2016;Uneme, 2010;Wołejko et al, 2016 Azoxystrobin are applied for individual pesticides in specific crops to determine halflives, dissipation patterns, PHI and PHRL Park et al, 2013;Rahman et al, 2012Siddamallaiah & Mohapatra, 2016). Therefore, for the purposes of safety and dietary risk assessment, an effective analytical method must be developed to quantitatively determine the parent compound and its metabolites, if any, in specific crops, even though the metabolites are not included in the definition of residue.…”

Residue level and dissipation of carbendazim in/on pomegranate fruits and soil

“…Out of the two ion transitions, one was used for quantification and another for confirmation (quantifier and qualifier). For confirmation, the ion ratio 15.9 (calculated as percent ratio of peak areas of the qualifier and quantifier MRMs) was used ( Siddamallaiah and Mohapatra 2016). The chromatogram of carbendazim standard solution, pomegranate control sample, and pomegranate field sample is given in Fig.…”

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for pesticide residue analysis using traditional detectors in chromatography: A review

“…Multiresidue methods (MRMs) and single‐residue methods (SRMs) generally consist of the same basic steps. However, MRMs are usually applied to monitor or screen various classes of pesticides in some commodities, whereas SRMs are applied for individual pesticides in specific crops to investigate the half‐life, dissipation pattern, pre harvest interval (PHI), and pre harvest residue limits (PHRL) .…”