Cyanidin induces apoptosis and differentiation in prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Several natural antioxidants, including anthocyanins, have been reported to have chemotherapeutic activity in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the present study was to delineate the anti-proliferative activity and the cytodifferentiation properties mediated by cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (C3G) treatment in the DU145 and LnCap human prostatic cancer cell lines. C3G produced anti-proliferative effects through activation of caspase-3 and induction of p21 protein expression. The reduced cell viability was associated with a clear increase of DNA fragmentation in both cell lines after C3G treatment. Since LnCap and DU145 exhibited differences in sensitivity to C3G treatment, the redox state of these cells was further investigated by estimating the levels of ROS and GSH. C3G antioxidant activity was confirmed only in DU145 cell line. Treatment with C3G increased the levels of tumor suppressor P75NGFR, indicating a possible role of C3G in the acquisition of a normal-like cell phenotype. Results reported in the present study demonstrate that C3G, the most abundant anthocyanin in diet, may represent a new approach and highly effective strategy in reducing carcinogenesis. C3G may be considered a new therapeutic agent with both anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation properties.

Anthocyanin Profile of Red Maize Native from Mixteco Race and Their Antiproliferative Activity on Cell Line DU145

“…This shows that red maize extract had no signiicant efect on prostate cancer cell line DU145 after 24 h. Figure 4 shows the percentage of cell viability after 48 h of application of diferent concentrations of puriied anthocyanins of red maize, where a signiicant reduction percentage on cell growth was observed at 1000 μg/mL as compared to the control, corresponding to 35% of cell viability; the same efect was observed in the micrograph (Figure 5), where a cytoplasmic vacuolization is present and the growth of live cells is haltered. Even though there are no reports on the efect of anthocyanins of red maize on cancer cell lines, recent studies show that cyanidin-3-glucoside produces an antiproliferative efect through the activation of caspase-3 on prostate cell lines LnCap and DU145 [22]. It has also been reported that lavonoids from blueberry inhibit the activity of metalloproteinase in DU145 [23].…”

“…On the other hand, 15 diferent compounds were identiied in the anthocyanin proile of red maize from Mixteco race ( Table 2), which includes monoglycosilated, acylated anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. Regarding the role of anthocyanins in the prevention of prostate cancer, a recent study shows that cyanidin-3-glucoside produces cancer cell apoptosis in line DU145 [22]. After the anthocyanin proile was completed on the selected sample, its antiproliferative activity was tested on cell line DU145.…”

Nutraceuticals: Curative Integrative Cancer Treatment

“…C3G is associated with increased concentration of P75NGFR tumor suppressor from normal-like cell phenotype [48]. C3G antioxidant effect may be specific to androgen-independent tumors [48]. C3G has dose dependent ROS activity, requiring 100 μM [48].…”

“…C3G antioxidant effect may be specific to androgen-independent tumors [48]. C3G has dose dependent ROS activity, requiring 100 μM [48].…”

“…Delphinidin is an anthocyanidin that affects NF-κβ regulation [47]. Cyanidin-3-0-β-glucopyranoside (C3G) from pigmented oranges, berries, and grapes activates caspase-3 in DU145 cells, and induces p21 protein expression in LnCap cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects against DU145 and LnCap prostate cancer cell lines [48]. C3G is associated with increased concentration of P75NGFR tumor suppressor from normal-like cell phenotype [48].…”