Cuticular hydrocarbons of eight species of north american cone beetles,Conophthorus hopkins

Page, Michael Le; Nelson, Lori J.; Haverty, Michael I.; Blomquist, Gary J.

doi:10.1007/bf01021018

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This evidence is consistent with the taxonomy, based on morphological (Hopkins 19 15;Wood 1989), karyological (de Groot and Ennis 1990), and chemical (Page et al 1990) characters. resinosae, and between C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CONE BEETLES,CONOPHTHORUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Groot

Harvey²,

Roden³

1992

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 124: 189-199 (1992) Genetic divergence among populations of cone beetles, Conophrhorus banksianae McPherson, C. coniperda (Schwarz), and C. resinosae Hopkins, was assessed by isozyme electrophoretic data. All but one of the eight loci examined were polymorphic, and one locus (Pgi) was sex-linked for C. coniperda. Genotype frequencies generally met Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and fixation index (Fs3 values indicated low-tomoderate genetic differences among conspecific populations. Fixed allele differences were detected at two loci, Pgi and Dia-2, which separated C. resinosae from C. coniperda, and thus confirmed their specific status established previously by morphological, karyological, and other biochemical characters. Electrophoretic data strongly suggested C. coniperda does not attack red pine cones, and C. resinosae does not attack white pine cones. No diagnostic loci were found to separate C. resinosae from C. banksianae. Phenetic clustering and pairwise comparisons of genetic distance coefficients indicated very little genetic divergence between C. resinosae and C. banksianae. These data were interpreted as failing to reject the null hypothesis that C. resinosae and C. banksianae are one species, an interpretation consistent with available taxonomic evidence from ecological, karyological, and other biochemical characters. de Groot, P., G.T. Harvey et P.M. Roden. 1992. Divergence gtnttique chez les scolytes des pines de I'Est nord-amkricain Conophthorus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 124: 18%199. Resume L'Clectrophorkse des isoenzymes a perrnis d'Ctudier la divergence gCnCtique au sein des populations de scolytes des pins, Conophthorus banksianae McPherson, C. coniperda (Schwarz) et C. resinosae Hopkins. Les huit locus examinks, a l'exception d'un seul, se sont avCrCs polymorphes et l'un de ces locus (Pgi) est liC aux chromosomes sexuels chez C. coniperda. Les frkquences gCnotypiques sont gCnCralement conforrnes au modkle Hardy-Weinberg et la valeur des indices de fixation (F,,) indique l'existence de diffkrences gtnCtiques peu ou modCrCment importantes entre des populations conspCcifiques. Des diffkrences entre les allkles fixes ont Ct C perques a deux locus, Pgi et Dia-2, qui sCparent C. resinosae et C. coniperda, confirmant ainsi le statut spCcifique de ces taxons Ctabli selon des caractCristiques morphologiques et karyologiques et selon d'autres caractkres biochimiques. Les donnCes obtenues a 1'Clectrophorkse indiquent que C. coniperda n'attaque pas les c8nes du pin rouge et que C. resinosae n'attaque pas les c8nes du pin blanc. Nous n'avons pas trouvC de locus permettant de sCparer C. resinosae et C. banksianae. L'analyse de groupements phCnttiques et la comparaison deux a deux des coefficients de distance gCnCtiques indiquent qu'il y a trks peu de divergence gCnCtique entre C. resinosae et C. banksianae. Ces donntes ne permettent pas de rejeter I'hypothkse nulle selon laquelle C. resinosae et C. banksianae foment une seule espkce; cette interprktation est en accord avec les preuves t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CONE BEETLES,CONOPHTHORUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Groot

Harvey²,

Roden³

1992

Can Entomol

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“…In a 3,7-dimethyl compound, fragmentation at C-7 should yield ions at M ϩ -99 and m͞z 127. In the specific case of the 3,7-dimethylhentriacontane, these appear with intensity that are 28% and 49% of the base peak, respectively (26). The generality of this pattern is demonstrated by the mass spectra of authentic 3,9-dimethyltricosane (25), in which fragmentation at C-9 prominently yields ions at M ϩ -127 (25%) and m͞z 155 (52%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Kenig

Simons

Crich

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A pseudohomologous series of branched aliphatic alkanes with a quaternary substituted carbon atom (BAQCs, specifically 2,2-dimethylalkanes and 3,3-and 5,5-diethylalkanes) were identified in warm (65°C) deep-sea hydrothermal waters and Late Cretaceous black shales. 5,5-Diethylalkanes were also observed in modern and Holocene marine shelf sediments and in shales spanning the last 800 million years of the geological record. The carbon number distribution of BAQCs indicates a biological origin. These compounds were observed but not identified in previous studies of 2.0 billion-to 2.2 billion-year-old metasediments and were commonly misidentified in other sediment samples, indicating that BAQCs are widespread in the geological record. The source organisms of BAQCs are unknown, but their paleobiogeographic distribution suggests that they have an affinity for sulfides and might be nonphotosynthetic sulfide oxidizers. P rokaryotes in ancient environments usually are detected by microscopy (1, 2) and geochemical evidence (e.g., stable isotope fractionation of carbon and sulfur; ref.3). The fossil record of bacteria and archaea is meager and controversial because of their poor preservation potential (1, 4). However, some lipids have excellent preservation potential and are used to demonstrate the presence of archaea and bacteria in ancient sedimentary environments (2, 5-9). Here we identify branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms (BAQCs). These compounds, observed in hydrothermal waters at the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1026B on the flanks of the Juan de Fuca ridge (Northeast Pacific) are natural products and occur in nonhydrothermal sediments ranging in age from modern to at least 2.0 billion to 2.2 billion years (Ga). MethodsField Sampling. Particulate organic material was retrieved from hydrothermal waters by using a combusted glass-fiber filter (142 mm) affixed to a circulation obviation retrofit kit (10) The Cenomanian and Turonian (Late Cretaceous) samples were collected at outcrops along the Bainbridge river in the Pasquia Hills region of easternmost central Saskatchewan, Canada (12). They are thermally immature based on the dominant 17␤,21␤(H) stereochemical configuration of the hopanes. The descriptions of other sediment samples analyzed can be found in the references listed in the Fig. 3 legend. Laboratory Methods. Extraction, separation, and GC-MS were performed as described (13). The filter and sediment samples were Soxhlet-extracted by using dichloromethane and methanol (7.5:1, vol͞vol). The sediment extracts were further separated by column chromatography to obtain a hydrocarbon fraction. Linear alkanes were removed from the hydrocarbon fraction by adduction on US-Y zeolite to obtain a fraction of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons. The total extract and subfractions, as well as authentic standards, were analyzed by GC-MS on a HewlettPackard 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a Hewlett-Packard 5973 mass selective detector operated in electron ionization mode at 70 eV, scannin...

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“…In either case, the attack pattern seen in this orchard appears doubly adaptive for P. orarius, because stressed trees tend both to bear heavier cone crops (Daniel et al 1979) and to have lower levels of defense against insect attack (D.L. Conophthorus banksianae, which was recently synonymized with C. resinosae (Wood 1989) and whose taxonomic status has been the subject of much recent study (de Groot and Ennis 1990;Page et al 1990; de Groot and Borden 1991), also survives in shoots (McPherson et al 1970). Hopkins (1915) split Conophthorus from Pityophthorus largely because of differences in size, feeding habit, and mating system, the cone feeders (Conophthorus spp.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A WILD BRASSICA FROM SICILY PROVIDES TRICHOME-BASED RESISTANCE AGAINST FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

Palaniswamy

Bodnaryk

1994

Can Entomol

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The Canadian Entomologist 126: 11 11 -11 18 (1994) The geographic range of the Douglas-fir twig beetle, Pityophthorus orarius Bright, was extended beyond the original provenance of southern British Columbia to northern California. A survey of 457 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in 1985 revealed that those with heavy cone crops were more likely to be infested by twig beetles than were those with a light crop. Furthermore, attack rates differed among clones. A second survey done in 1987 confirmed the importance of clone and cone crop in attack rate. In this survey, stressed trees were attacked at a higher rate than unstressed trees. Beetle distributions appeared clumped in both surveys, possibly because of semiochemicals or oviposition behavior. Rappaport, N.G., et D.L. Wood. 1994. Pityophthorus orarius Bright (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) dans un verger ? i graines du sapin de Douglas au nord de la Californie: Effet de clone, classe de vigeur, et nombre de c6nes sur le taux d'attaque. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 1 11 1-1 118. ResumeLe scolyte des brindilles du sapin de Douglas, Pityophthorus orarius Bright, dont la repartition gkographique Ctait limitCe au sud de la Colombie Britannique, a Ct C rCcolt6 dans le nord de la Californie. Un relev6 effectuC en 1985 sur 457 sapins de Douglas, Pseudotsuga rnenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, a rCvClC que le taux d'attaque des c6nes d'un arbre Ctait liC B son niveau de fructification; les plus fructifkres Ctant attaquCs par plus de scolytes que ceux produisant peu de c6nes. De plus, nous avons observC une corrClation positive entre les taux d'attaques et les clones de sapins. Un second relev6 exCcutC en 1987 a corroborC l'influence de la souche clonale et du niveau de fructification sur le taux d'attaque, en plus d'indique que les arbres considCr6s stressCs Ctaient plus sensibles B l'attaque du scolyte que ceux sans stress. La distribution concentrte des scolytes observCe lors de ces deux relevCs est peut Ctre like au comportement de ponte ou aux substances sCmio-chimiques.

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Cuticular hydrocarbons of eight species of north american cone beetles,Conophthorus hopkins

Cited by 55 publications

References 18 publications

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CONE BEETLES,CONOPHTHORUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CONE BEETLES,CONOPHTHORUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

A WILD BRASSICA FROM SICILY PROVIDES TRICHOME-BASED RESISTANCE AGAINST FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

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