Cutaneous Pythiosis in calves: An epidemiologic, pathologic, serologic and molecular characterization

Konradt, Guilherme; Bassuíno, Daniele Mariath; Bianchi, Matheus Viezzer; Castro, L. V. A.; Caprioli, Rafaela Albuquerque; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti; Santurio, Jânio M.; Azevedo, María Isabel de; Jesus, Francielli Pantella Kunz de; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2016.11.004

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Confirmation of the diagnosis of pythiosis should be based on identification of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods. 8,10,27,31 Immunohistochemistry has been used to identify P. insidiosum in formalin-fixed tissues of several animal species, 13 including sheep. 31…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep and goats: a review

2020

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Pythiosis is characterized most commonly by ulcerative dermatitis, mainly in the limbs of sheep and occasionally of goats. In sheep, Pythium insidiosum is also responsible for necrotizing rhinitis characterized by marked enlargement and deformity of the nasal region, severe respiratory difficulty, and bloody nasal discharge. A third form of pythiosis in sheep affects the digestive tract, involving ulceration of the esophagus, forestomachs, and abomasum. Pythiosis in sheep and goats has been reported only in Brazil where it occurs mainly in the semiarid region of the country, when animals congregate and stay for longer periods of time within or around water reservoirs. However, it has been reported as well in areas of humid environments, such as the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and in the Brazilian Cerrado. The diagnosis of the different presentations of pythiosis is based on gross and microscopic findings, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep and goats: a review

2020

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“…Outbreaks of pythiosis have been reported in Brazil in sheep from the northeastern region (Piauí state, Tabosa et al., 2004) and in cattle from the Southeast and Pantanal regions (Gabriel et al., 2008; Grecco et al., 2009; Konradt et al., 2016). Among the outbreaks in cattle, two were related to the grazing of animals in stagnant water (Gabriel et al., 2008; Grecco et al., 2009) and one was linked to the presence of animals in a river with extensive marshy regions (Konradt et al., 2016), similar to the setting of the equines in the present report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pythiosis outbreaks have previously been reported in ovines (Tabosa et al, 2004), bovines (Konradt et al, 2016;Pérez et al, 2005), and humans (Thanathanee et al, 2013). Despite several cases reported in equine in the Pantanal region of Brazil, reports of equine outbreaks are scarce in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of equine pythiosis in a southeastern region of Brazil: Environmental isolation and phylogeny

Paz

Camargo

Cury³

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Pythiosis is a disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum, mainly reported in equines, dogs and humans and directly transmitted through contaminant zoospores in aquatic environments. We report the first outbreak of equine pythiosis in five equines. Wound samples were submitted for diagnostic testing including mycological culture and nested PCR. Treatment approaches consisted of conventional and alternative therapies. Microbiological analyses were performed using water samples from the riverbanks close to where the animals had grazed. All animals were positive for P. insidiosum cultures, and two animals responded successfully to alternative therapy (ozone therapy). After culture and molecular analysis of environmental samples, the presence of P. insidiosum in one section of the Tietê River was confirmed through a 99% sequence identity. Phylogenetic analyses using the cytochrome oxidase II gene showed that the animal isolates clustered in clade I and the environmental isolates clustered in clade III. Although the environmental and wound isolates belonged to different genetic clades, we concluded that the Tietê River is an important source of infection by P. insidiosum and that research concerning environmental isolation of P. insidiosum from rivers and lakes should be strongly facilitated in Brazil.

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“…Fungal-suspected cases were submitted to the immunohistochemistry anti-Pythium insidiosum, according to a protocol previously described (Konradt et al 2016) with a polyclonal antibody. The reaction was revealed with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC; Biocare Medical, Pacheco/CA, USA), followed by counterstaining with Harris hematoxylin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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Respiratory diseases cause significant veterinary costs, reduce performance and require withdrawal of horses. Yet, studies of the causes of pneumonia in horses are scant. This study aimed to describe the pathological and microbiological features of lung lesions in slaughtered horses in southern Brazil. In this study, 84 samples of lungs were examined, and a conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 74 cases. These were composed of bronchopneumonia in 50 cases, followed by granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia (9/74), recurrent airway obstruction (7/74), lung fibrosis (4/74), lung hemorrhage (3/74) and pulmonary pythiosis (1/74). Bronchopneumonia had grossly firm focally extensive yellow to dark-red areas, which consisted microscopically of multifocal to coalescing infiltrate of degenerate neutrophils. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was identified in 21 of the 50 cases. Granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia had multifocal pinpoint firm-hard yellow areas, which microscopically were composed of granulomas with a mineralized center surrounded by collagen fibers and severe infiltrate of eosinophils. Recurrent airway obstruction had mild multifocal pinpoint firm white areas that consisted microscopically of large amounts of mucus inside bronchi and bronchiole. Lung fibrosis had two patterns: focally extensive areas of consolidation and firm nodular areas. Microscopically, the first pattern had interstitial to peribronchial fibrosis, while the second had, in addition to the interstitial fibrosis, a severe pneumocyte hyperplasia and an alveolar infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages with rare intranuclear inclusion bodies (equine herpesvirus 5, EHV-5). Pulmonary pythiosis presented a focal firm nodular area, with multiple kunkers observed in the cut surface, which corresponded microscopically to areas of necrosis surrounded by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. At the periphery of the necrotic areas, multiple negatively stained hyphae were observed, which were evidenced through Grocott’s stain and immunohistochemistry anti-Pythium insidiosum.

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Cutaneous Pythiosis in calves: An epidemiologic, pathologic, serologic and molecular characterization

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Diseases caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep and goats: a review

Diseases caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep and goats: a review

Outbreak of equine pythiosis in a southeastern region of Brazil: Environmental isolation and phylogeny

Lung lesions of slaughtered horses in southern Brazil

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