Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Sanches, Maria; Roda, Ângela; Pimenta, Rita; Filipe, Paulo; Freitas, João

doi:10.20344/amp.10738

Cited by 22 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…With the prolongation of the disease, long-term hyperglycemia can cause microvascular and neurological damage, resulting in a variety of complications. The skin is the organ with the most extensive distribution of nerves and blood vessels throughout the body, and the skin damage caused by diabetes is called diabetic skin disease ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Risk Factors Analysis of Pruritus Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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ObjectiveTo observe the main risk factors for pruritic skin evidence complicating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effectiveness of interventions with comprehensive care measures.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty four patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to November 2021 were selected and divided into Diabetic pruritus group (DP group, n = 71) and T2DM group (n = 153) according to the patients' complications of pruritus. General information such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness, family history, treatment modalities, other comorbidities, underlying illnesses were collected from all patients. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), renal function [Serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (BUA)], lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] were measured in all patients on day 2 after admission. Risk factors for pruritus complicating T2DM were identified by single multifactorial analysis. Meanwhile, patients in the DP group were divided into group A (n = 35) and group B (n = 36) using the random number table method. Group A adopted the conventional care mode and group B patients adopted the comprehensive care interventions to compare the care effects [visual analog score (VAS) before and after care, treatment efficiency, care satisfaction rate] of patients in groups A and B; the levels of pruritus mediator indicators [substance P,β-endorphin (β-EP) and γ-interferon (INF-γ)] before and after care.ResultsRisk factors for pruritus in T2DM were age, duration of DM, combined Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), combined diabetic retinopathy (DR), combined diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and serum FPG levels (P <0.05). Satisfaction rate of nursing care, treatment efficiency, post-care improvement in VAS scores, serum substance P, β-EP and INF-γ levels and other mediators of pruritus were better in Group B with integrated nursing intervention than in group A with conventional care only (P < 0.05).ConclusionPruritus in T2DM is associated with age, duration of DM, combined DPN, combined DR, combined DKD and FPG levels. Comprehensive care according to the above risk factors can effectively relieve patients' clinical symptoms and signs, improve the level of pruritus mediators and patient-care relationship.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Risk Factors Analysis of Pruritus Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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“…These patients are often asymptomatic but can have a reduction in sensation and pain. Although different parts of the body can be involved, the hands and feet are most frequently involved [ 22 ]. There had been attempts to see if skin changes can be considered as clinical markers of pre-diabetes but these studies largely focused upon well-defined clinical entities like acanthosis nigricans (AN), skin tags (ST), diabetic dermopathy (DD), rubeosis faciei (RF), pruritus (PR), granuloma annulare (GA), necrobiosis lipoidica (NL), scleroedema diabeticorum (SD) and bullosis diabeticorum (BD) [ 23 ] rather than the early consequences of any diabetogenic mechanisms as is proposed in Ayurveda.…”

Section: Pre-diabetes Features Detailed In Ayurveda Textsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and preventing diabetes: Translational potential of Ayurveda information on pre-diabetes

Rastogi

Singh

Gutch

et al. 2021

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

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Continued rise in incidence and prevalence of diabetes globally warrants an effective strategy for its prevention and control. Prevention of diabetes seems more logical to attempt seeing its health care burden, long dormancy, systemic affliction and poor general awareness. Pre-diabetes is the intermediate state of erratic glucose metabolism without overt features of diabetes. This state seems to be a crossroad having a possibility to either convert into clinical diabetes, remain dormant or return to normal glucose control depending upon the efforts made. Unfortunately, due to the paucity of apparent clinical symptoms, this state embedded with reversal possibility, remains unexplored. Ayurveda account of prameha purvarupa (subclinical features of diabetes) may be proposed as the foundation upon which clinic-based pre-diabetes identification and subsequent prevention may be explored. Knowing the symptoms for their reliable proximity with upcoming diabetes may turn to be sensible sensitizers prompting the people to abort the disease process in an effective and timely manner. Considering diabetes from its purvarupa to complications as disease continuum and exploring the opportunities to intervene in order to prevent, or manage the disease on the basis of shada kriyaa kaala therefore, has a huge translational potential warrants an urgent exploration.

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“…11 Acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, and chronic ulcers are also common cutaneous manifestations in type 2 diabetic patients. 12,13 Additionally, changes in epidermal functions, reflected by variations in biophysical properties, have been demonstrated in both animal models and humans with type 1 and 2 diabetes. This review summarizes these epidermal functional alterations in type 2 diabetes and discusses some implications for the management of this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: Implications for the management of this disease

Man

Wakefield

Mauro

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes

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Epidermal function is regulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, including age, psychological stress, certain skin disorders, ultraviolet irradiation and pollution, and epidermal function itself can regulate cutaneous and extracutaneous functions. The biophysical properties of the stratum corneum reflect the status of both epidermal function and systemic conditions. Type 2 diabetes in both murine models and humans displays alterations in epidermal functions, including reduced levels of stratum corneum hydration and increased epidermal permeability as well as delayed permeability barrier recovery, which can all provoke and exacerbate cutaneous inflammation.Because inflammation plays a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes, a therapy that improves epidermal functions could be an alternative approach to mitigating type 2 diabetes and its associated cutaneous disorders.

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Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Major Risk Factors Analysis of Pruritus Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention

Major Risk Factors Analysis of Pruritus Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention

Predicting and preventing diabetes: Translational potential of Ayurveda information on pre-diabetes

Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: Implications for the management of this disease

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