Cutaneous evaporative thermolysis and hair coat surface temperature of calves evaluated with the aid of a gas analyzer and infrared thermography

Souza, João Batista Freire de; Queiroz, João Paulo Araújo Fernandes de; Santos, Victória Júlia Silva dos; Dantas, Maiko Roberto Tavares; Lima, Renata Nayhara de; Lima, Patrícia de Oliveira; Costa, Leonardo Lélis de Macedo

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.09.004

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…De Souza et al ( 119 ) studied 23 Zebu × Holstein crossbred calves to evaluate whether cutaneous evaporative thermolysis occurs heterogeneously on the body surface of ruminants. Using IRT, they assessed the animals' limbs, neck, thorax, abdomen, and back under ambient temperatures <25°C, 25–29°C, and >29°C.…”

Section: Use Of Infrared Thermography In Assessing Hypothermia In New...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypothermia is one factor associated with mortality in newborn ruminants due to the drastic temperature change upon exposure to the extrauterine environment in the first hours after birth. Ruminants are precocial whose mechanisms for generating heat or preventing heat loss involve genetic characteristics, the degree of neurodevelopment at birth and environmental aspects. These elements combine to form a more efficient mechanism than those found in altricial species. Although the degree of neurodevelopment is an important advantage for these species, their greater mobility helps them to search for the udder and consume colostrum after birth. However, anatomical differences such as the distribution of adipose tissue or the presence of type II muscle fibers could lead to the understanding that these species use their energy resources more efficiently for heat production. The introduction of unconventional ruminant species, such as the water buffalo, has led to rethinking other characteristics like the skin thickness or the coat type that could intervene in the thermoregulation capacity of the newborn. Implementing tools to analyze species-specific characteristics that help prevent a critical decline in temperature is deemed a fundamental strategy for avoiding the adverse effects of a compromised thermoregulatory function. Although thermography is a non-invasive method to assess superficial temperature in several non-human animal species, in newborn ruminants there is limited information about its application, making it necessary to discuss the usefulness of this tool. This review aims to analyze the effects of hypothermia in newborn ruminants, their thermoregulation mechanisms that compensate for this condition, and the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to identify cases with hypothermia.

show abstract

Section: Use Of Infrared Thermography In Assessing Hypothermia In New...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in general terms, indications are similar for use of IRT in humans and animals, i.e., as a diagnostic aid, to enhance clinical assessment and to assess thermal, functional and musculoskeletal stress in animals. While this review focusses on disease detection in livestock, there has also been extensive research undertaken on evaluating IRT to detect heat stress in animals ( 126 , 171 , 172 ) and to assess the reproductive health of sires ( 173 , 174 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermography for disease detection in livestock: A scoping review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infra-red thermography (IRT) offers potential opportunities as a tool for disease detection in livestock. Despite considerable research in this area, there are no common standards or protocols for managing IRT parameters in animal disease detection research. In this review, we investigate parameters that are essential to the progression of this tool and make recommendations for their use based on the literature found and the veterinary thermography guidelines from the American Academy of Thermology. We analyzed a defined set of 109 articles concerned with the use of IRT in livestock related to disease and from these articles, parameters for accurate IRT were identified and sorted into the fields of camera-, animal- or environment-related categories to assess the practices of each article in reporting parameters. This review demonstrates the inconsistencies in practice across peer-reviewed articles and reveals that some important parameters are completely unreported while others are incorrectly captured and/or under-represented in the literature. Further to this, our review highlights the lack of measured emissivity values for live animals in multiple species. We present guidelines for the standards of parameters that should be used and reported in future experiments and discuss potential opportunities and challenges associated with using IRT for disease detection in livestock.

show abstract

“…The random deviation was larger (42%), but that could not only be accounted for by errors in the ventilated skin box method. The rather good overall agreement is an interesting result because there are several error sources when applying the ventilated skin box to measure cutaneous evaporative water loss as mentioned before: 1) the sweating rate varies between different locations (de Souza et al, 2018); 2) there are cyclic sweat secretion patterns, causing variations in time (Gebremedhin et al, 2010); and 3) the air flow rate through the ventilated box is different from the air flow surrounding the cow trunk (McLean, 1963). The results from 4…”

Section: Comparison Of Cutaneous Evaporative Water Loss Rate Measured...mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This information also gives insight into the effect of different cooling systems on additional heat losses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the total evaporative water loss rate from dairy cows at daily level, which can avoid some sources of errors associated with different sweating rates between different skin regions, and cyclic sweating patterns (Berman, 1957, Gebremedhin et al, 2008, Liang et al, 2009b, de Souza et al, 2018. With the design of the current experiment, we were able to estimate the total evaporative water loss from cows, as well as separate it between skin evaporation and respiratory evaporation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The most reliable technique at present to determine the total evaporative water loss is to observe the body weight change within a certain duration in response to a thermoregulatory sweating/respiration stimulus (Finch et al, 1982, Holmes, 1985, Cheuvront and Kenefick, 2017, Castro et al, 2021, which requires costly high-precision weighing scales and careful work. Therefore, most available data in recent literature on moisture evaporated from skin in dairy cows are primarily from studies conducting measurements on a small area of the skin surface, using paper discs, ventilated capsules or hand-held electronic calorimeters (Berman, 1957, Hillman et al, 2001, Maia and Loureiro, 2005, Gebremedhin et al, 2008, de Souza et al, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heat stress in dairy cows : Measuring and modelling the effects of environmental conditions on thermoregulatory responses

Zhou¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study determined the effects of increasing the ambient temperature (T) at different relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (AV) levels on the physiological and productive responses of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were housed inside climate-controlled respiration chambers, in which the climate was programmed to follow a daily pattern of lower night and higher day temperatures with a 9°C difference, excluding effects from sun radiation. Within our 8-d data collection period, T was gradually increased from 7 to 21°C during the night (12 h) and 16 to 30°C during the day (12 h), with an incremental changes of 2°C per day for both nighttime and daytime temperatures. During each research period, RH and AV were kept constant at one of five treatment levels. A diurnal pattern for RH was created, with lower levels during the day and higher levels during the night: low (RH_l: 30-50%), medium (RH_m: 45-70%), and high (RH_h: 60-90%). The effects of AV were studied during the day at three levels: no fan (AV_l: 0.1m/s), fan at medium speed (AV_m: 1.0m/s), and fan at high speed (AV_h:1.5m/s). Effects of short and long exposure time to increasing T were evaluated by collecting data two times a day: in the morning (short: 1 h (or less) -exposure time) and afternoon (long: 8 h -exposure time). The animals had free access to feed and water and both were ad lib.Respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), DMI, water intake, milk yield and composition were measured. The inflection point temperatures (IPt) at which a certain variable started to change were determined for the different RH and AV levels and different exposure times. Results showed that IPt under long exposure time for RR (first indicator) varied between 18.9 and 25.5°C but was between 20.1 and 25.9°C for RT (a delayed indicator). The IPt for both RR and RT decreased with higher RH levels, while IPt increased with higher AV for RR but gave a minor change for RT. The ST was positively correlated with ambient T and ST was not affected by RH but significantly affected by AV. For RR, all IPt was lower under long exposure time than under short exposure time. The combination of higher RH levels and low AV levels negatively affected DMI. Water intake increased under all treatments except RH_l*AV_l. Treatment (RH_h*AV_l) negatively affected milk protein and fat yield while treatments (RH_m*AV_m and RH_m*AV_h) reduced milk fat yield. We concluded that RH and AV levels affected significantly the responses of RR, RT, ST and productive performance of high-producing Holstein cows. These responses already occurred at moderate ambient temperatures of 19 to 26°C.

show abstract

Cutaneous evaporative thermolysis and hair coat surface temperature of calves evaluated with the aid of a gas analyzer and infrared thermography

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

Thermography for disease detection in livestock: A scoping review

Heat stress in dairy cows : Measuring and modelling the effects of environmental conditions on thermoregulatory responses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About