Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) concept in wind farm harmonic current studies

Abstract

Abstract. Very little information about actual wind farm harmonic measurements is available in the literature. This paper analyzes the harmonic measurements of an 18 MW wind farm with the CPC concept to determine if they are consumed or injected by the wind farm and to study the different reactive power definitions. The CPC concept is an approach to power theory that provides a physical interpretation of power phenomena in electrical systems with linear, time-invariant (LTI) loads and harmonic generating loads (HGLs) such as wind farms.

A review and insights on Poynting vector theory and periodic averaged electric energy transport theories

“…The requirement to perform extra processing through FFT, and inability to compensate without storage components, also did not optimally use CPCT. Recently CPCT was implemented for isolation of flicker turbine customer current [51,52]. The grid, in contrast to active filtering, requires that large amount of decomposed components.…”

“…In this paper a selection of reviewed papers such as [6,[8][9][10]15,16] enable unified comparative discussion under the following criteria: (a) all theories are described under some reactive power vector decomposition; multi-vector formalism: multiharmonic or multi-phase vector; (b) current and power components decomposition (in this paper we refer to mathematical components which signify different physical origins or phenomena as physical components); (c) discussion of three apparent power definitions, and demonstration of equivalence (not necessarily identity), at least for single phase of Buchholz and geometric definitions.…”

“…It is one of the technologies that uses electric energy transport theory. Electric energy transport theory is implemented in additional fields such as: 1) active filtering [3,4], 2) realtime power factor compensation [5] and voltage regulation [6], 3) computation of energy propagation through networks, 4) generalized solutions of power through electric circuits [4], 5) smart grid management of energy storage to reservoirs [7], and 6) renewable energy plants diagnostics [8,9].…”

Application of Enhanced CPC for Load Identification, Preventive Maintenance and Grid Interpretation

“…The preceding theorems regarding diagnostics applies for describing preventive maintenance that would benefit from following theorems, are for example [37][38][39]. Assisting signal processing and mathematical works used herein for proving the following theorems are [40][41][42][43].…”

“…However, decomposition of "customer current" into harmonics is possible, and decomposition into real and imaginary is possible, if a modification from CPC is made in favor of anomaly detection, as shall be shown at Equation (27). For example, interpretation of current harmonics of wind farms, using CPC may be found in [37]. The motivation for using CPC as an early alert model is that some current physical components may constitute only a fraction (~0.1%) of the total current.…”