Current progress of advanced high speed parallel optical links for computer clusters and switching systems

Drögemüller, K.; Kuhl, David E.; Blank, J.; Ehlert, M.; Kracker, T.; Höhn, Julia; Klix, D.; Plickert, V.; Melchior, L.; Schmale, Ingo; Hildebrandt, Peter; Heinemann, M.; Schiefelbein, F.P.; Leininger, L.; Wolf, H. D.; Wipiejewski, T.; Ebberg, A.

doi:10.1109/ectc.2000.853331

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…(1) -d where t is the Fresnel transmission coefficient at the front surface of the photo-receptor, S is the total power emitted by the i, Jth source, and w is the spot size of the Gaussian beam at the plane of the receptors. It is well-known that for a Gaussian beam with a minimum spot size w0 at z = 0 w=woJ1+[AzI(Rnw)]2 (2) where 2 is the wavelength of each light beam, z is the distance between the parallel arrays, and n the refractive index of the medium between the arrays. Thus the power received increases either with an increase in the device size or a decrease in the spot size or the distance.…”

Section: Power Transfer and Crosstalk Between Two Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Problems associated with densely packed electrical interconnects, namely, mutual inductance coupling, capacitive loading, signal distortion, EMI, etc., result in an increasing mismatch between proces sing capabilities and interconnection performance. Parallel optical interconnections which replace metallic transmission lines with optical fibers or free space channels provide high throughput, easy system integration, and low latency [1][2][3][4]. Such interconnects are used in the design of multiprocessors and telecommunication central office switches and routers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<title>Crosstalk in packaging array-based optical interconnects and processors</title>

Ghosh¹

2000

SPIE Proceedings

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Parallel optical interconnections which replace metallic transmission lines with optical fibers or free space channels provide high throughput, easy system integration, and low latency. Such interconnects are used in the design of multiprocessors and telecommunication central office switches and routers. In all parallel optical interconnects we need to couple a set of laser beams coming out of an array of sources or passing through an array of optical devices to another array of optical devices. Owing to diffraction laser beams spread spatially. So some optical d evices in the path of laser beams may receive power from adjacent channels. The power from adjacent channels gives rise to crosstalk noise. In this paper we quantify the amount of optical crosstalk that can corrupt a channel in two-dimensional rectangular arrays of parallel optical interconnects. The worst case signal to crosstalk power ratio in an array of interconnects is calculated as a function of the sizes of the array elements, inter-element spacing and distances. From the analytical results in this paper it is possible to determine guidelines on packaging optical interconnects, free -space or optical fiber-based. The effects of built-in offsets on the crosstalk power can be quantified. The results of this paper are also useful in optimizing the design of various types of e xtrinsic optical sensors in which cross-coupling or crosstalk is the basis of the sensing process.

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Section: Power Transfer and Crosstalk Between Two Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Crosstalk in packaging array-based optical interconnects and processors</title>

Ghosh¹

2000

SPIE Proceedings

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“…This process is called bit synchronization. The most common technique to establish bit synchronization is to use a phase locked loop (PLL) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. This can either be a clock-and-data recovery (CDR, see Fig.…”

Section: Bit Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different approaches of high speed data transmission standards

Ehlert¹

2005

Adv. Radio Sci.

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Abstract.A number of standards addresses the problem of high-speed data transmission on serial or serial-parallel data lines. Serial-parallel data transmission means the transmitted information is distributed on parallel data lines. Even though several standards exist, there are only a few basic techniques used in most of these standards. This paper is giving an overview of these different basic techniques used in the physical layer of today's data transmission standards, for example DVI/HDMI, USB2.0, Infiniband, SFI5, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The main focus lies on the approaches used for physical signaling, line coding and information synchronization in serial and serialparallel systems. In addition, currently discussed techniques to improve data transmission in the future will be presented.

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