Current perspective of venous thrombosis in the upper extremity

Flinterman, Linda E.; Meer, F. J. M. Van Der; Rosendaal, Frits R.; Doggen, Carine J.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03017.x

Cited by 101 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The relatively high incidence of upper limb DVT in cancer patients is at least partly explained by the frequent use of a central venous catheter. 42 Furthermore, cancer is reported to be common in rare forms of thrombosis such as Budd-Chiari syndrome, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, and mesenteric vein thrombosis. 43 …”

Section: Blood 5 September 2013 X Volume 122 Number 10 Cancer-assocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis

Timp

Brækkan

Versteeg

et al. 2013

Blood

994

745

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Cancer-associated venous thrombosis is a common condition, although the reported incidence varies widely between studies depending on patient population, start and duration of follow-up, and the method of detecting and reporting thrombotic events. Furthermore, as cancer is a heterogeneous disease, the risk of venous thrombosis depends on cancer types and stages, treatment measures, and patient-related factors. In general, cancer patients with venous thrombosis do not fare well and have an increased mortality compared with cancer patients without. This may be explained by the more aggressive type of malignancies associated with this condition. It is hypothesized that thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients might improve prognosis and quality of life by preventing thrombotic events. However, anticoagulant treatment leads to increased bleeding, particularly in this patient group, so in case of proven benefit of thromboprophylaxis, only patients with a high risk of venous thrombosis should be considered. This review describes the literature on incidence of and risk factors for cancer-associated venous thrombosis, with the aim to provide a basis for identification of high-risk patients and for further development and refinement of prediction models. Furthermore, knowledge on risk factors for cancer-related venous thrombosis may enhance the understanding of the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these patients.

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Section: Blood 5 September 2013 X Volume 122 Number 10 Cancer-assocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis

Timp

Brækkan

Versteeg

et al. 2013

Blood

994

745

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sometimes a history of repetitive motion or severe exertion can be elicited. 19 Thrombosis of the subclavian or axillary vein results in an acutely swollen, painful upper limb. This is also known as "Paget-von Schroetter" 2 disease or "effort thrombosis syndrome".…”

Section: Venous Vascular Tosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome

Lewis¹,

Prashar²,

Toms³

et al. 2014

JVD

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"Thoracic outlet syndrome" is a term that covers a range of conditions and abnormalities causing a variety of presentations and symptoms. In order to assess and treat this group of conditions, careful consideration needs to be given to individual presentations to tailor appropriate clinical and imaging tests. There is no single test available for the definitive diagnosis and assessment of this group of conditions. This article aims to present an up-to-date review with particular focus on the diagnosis and relevance of the different imaging modalities. Chest radiography allows identification of bony abnormalities and apical lung tumors. Ultrasonography is useful in cases of suspected acute thrombosis of the upper limb. Computed tomography combined with computed tomography angiography provides a useful overview of the anatomical and vascular structures. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography are now widely used methods of assessment for vascular thoracic outlet syndrome, allowing dynamic assessment of the thoracic outlet, with good soft tissue contrast allowing for visualization of a wider range of pathologies than other imaging methods.

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“…34 There is a relatively lower gravitational stress in the upper extremity compared with lower extremity, and this might explain the lower incidence of DVTs. Prior history of DVT has been consistently demonstrated to be a predominant risk factor for post-operative DVT 6 and is the only risk factor recognised in the 2010 guidelines of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%