Current Advances in Serological Diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious disease with potential for high economic impacts. Convalescent and vaccinated small ruminants develop a strong and lifelong immunity and are fully protected against re-infection. Consequently, the presence of antibodies, whether they are against a wild virus or a vaccine, is a marker of the host immune protection. Thus, specific antibodies cannot be missed with classical and validated diagnosis assays, such as conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an alternative testing method to the conventional virus neutralization test (VNT), allowing to monitor vaccination or locate disease outbreaks. Recent insights into the virions' protein composition, development of expression systems, recombinant vectors to express protective antigens, have contributed greatly to update our current knowledge about diagnostics. In the light of this progress, the chapter focuses on PPRV serological tests with particular attention to diagnostic antigen targets and refinement of assays for accurate serodiagnosis of PPRV.

Detection of peste des petits ruminants and concurrent secondary diseases in sheep and goats in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania

“…Thus, laboratory confirmation is critical for appropriate interventions to be made for the different diseases of sheep and goats especially regarding PPR. Development and use of specific diagnostic tests that can distinguish PPR from diseases with similar signs has helped unquestionably to improve knowledge and understanding in geographical distribution and spread of the disease in specific areas (Libeau 2015). This is critical as PPR has been identified as the next animal disease to be eradicated after rinderpest.…”

Seroprevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus from Samples Collected in Different Regions of Tanzania in 2013 and 2015

“…In 2008 and 2010, PPR vaccination was carried out around the 2008 outbreak foci (Arusha region) with another vaccination ring in Morogoro and Mtwara regions, shown in Figure 1 [24]. Arusha and Mtwara regions were chosen because they had already been seen as hotspot areas while Morogoro region acted as a buffer zone for spread of the disease from south (Mtwara region) to north.…”

Fine mapping and conservation analysis of linear B-cell epitopes of peste des petits ruminants virus hemagglutinin protein

“…between PPRV and RPV, are one of the main constraints for achieving reliable diagnoses. Among the surface proteins, only H protein induces little cross-reaction between viruses of the genus (Libeau, 2015). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the RPV and PPRV H proteins indicated only 50% similarity (Munir et al, 2013a) R. Yu et al Veterinary Microbiology 208 (2017) 110-117 2004), but little is known about the location of the BCEs to which the mAbs combine.…”

“…Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly infectious disease of domestic and wild small ruminants that is caused by PPR virus (PPRV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus that includes rinderpest virus (RPV), measles virus (MeV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV), cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV), and feline morbillivirus (FeMV) (Torsson et al, 2016). Clinical symptoms associated with PPR include pyrexia, congestion of mucosal surfaces, ocular and nasal discharge, erosive stomatitis and diarrhea (Liang et al, 2016;Libeau, 2015). As a notifiable disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), PPR has significant socioeconomic impact on poverty alleviation in developing countries, and the OIE together with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has launched a control and eradication strategy aimed at the global elimination of the disease by 2030.…”

“…Among the three viral proteins (N, H, and F) able to induce an immune response, the two surface glycoproteins H and F stimulate neutralizing and protective antibody production in the host and have been targeted in the development of recombinant vaccines used to confer protection in goats. Both recombinant proteins are reported to confer immunity when expressed either together or separately (Libeau, 2015;Liu et al, 2014).…”