Curcumin-Loaded Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Effectively Improve Wound Healing

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from macrophages loaded with curcumin (Exos-cur) on the healing of diabetic wounds. As a new type of biomaterial, Exos-cur has better stability, antiinflammation, and antioxidation biological activity. In in vitro experiments, Exos-cur can promote the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) while reducing the ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by HUVECs induced by high glucose, regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell oxidative damage, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In the in vivo experiment, the Exos-cur treatment group had an increased percentage of wound closure and contraction compared with the diabetic wound control group. Hematoxylin−eosin staining (HE) and Masson staining showed that the Exos-cur treatment group had more advanced reepithelialization, and the generated mature granulation tissue was rich in a large number of capillaries and newly deposited collagen fibers. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that Exos-cur can inhibit inflammation by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, upregulate the expression of wound healing-related molecules, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing in diabetic rats. These results show that Exos-cur has a good therapeutic effect on diabetic skin defects and provide experimental evidence for the potential clinical benefits of Exos-cur.

Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design

“…Passive loading involves the coincubation of small lipophilic molecules (e.g., natural active principles such as curcumin and specific anticancer drugs) with exosomes or the exosome-producing cells [ 230 ]. When incubated with cells, the drug diffuses through the cell membrane and then interacts with the exosome biogenesis pathway, leading to its encapsulation within exosomes [ 231 ]. However, this method only applies to lipophilic molecules, capable of interacting with cell membranes and exosomes.…”

“…Thus, exosomes obtained from curcumin-treated macrophages displayed the capacity to suppress inflammation by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Additionally, they enhanced the expression of molecules related to wound healing, stimulated angiogenesis, and accelerated the healing process in diabetic rats [ 231 ]. Moreover, curcumin-loaded exosomes derived from embryonic stem cells (MESC-exo cur ) were generated through the simple incubation of exosomes and curcumin.…”

Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

“…Recent research has demonstrated the involvement of M-Exos in the pathological and physiological processes of inflammation and related diseases and have been studied as a potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of Notes: This schematic demonstrates that exosomes can serve as biomarkers (eg miR-155, 67 miR-17, 68 IL-1β, 69 TNF-α 70 ), nucleic acid and protein delivery vehicles (eg BDNF, 71 PPAR-γ, 72 miR-24-3p, 73 miR-370 74 ), drug delivery vehicles (eg berberine, 75 curcumin, 76 melatonin, 77 silibinin 78 ) and the combined strategy of exosome biomaterials (eg The M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system, 79 engineering of BP-loaded HNV 80 inflammation and associated diseases. 65 M-Exos cargoes from different pathological conditions (bacterial infection, viral infection and disease states) may show distinct genomic and proteomic profiles for distinguishing and identifying the diagnosis and development status assessment of different inflammatory stages and different inflammatory diseases, so as to serve as a reference for exploring the pathogenesis of inflammation and related diseases.…”

“…75 Similarly, Li et al have reported a strategy that curcumin-loaded M-Exos (Exos-cur) could not only reduce ROS in vitro, regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, and alleviate inflammation, but also suppress the inflammatory response via activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing process of diabetic rats in vivo. 76 Also, engineered M2-exosomes loading with melatonin (Mel@M2-exos) could target inflammatory regions and lead to a macrophage reprogramming from M1 to M2 type, which relieved chronic inflammation and improved periodontitis. This confirms that Mel@M2-exos is a promising treatment for periodontitis.…”

“…By Figdraw. Notes: This schematic demonstrates that exosomes can serve as biomarkers (eg miR-155, 67 miR-17,68 IL-1β,69 TNF-α70 ), nucleic acid and protein delivery vehicles (eg BDNF,71 PPAR-γ,72 miR-24-3p,73 miR-37074 ), drug delivery vehicles (eg berberine,75 curcumin,76 melatonin, 77 silibinin 78 ) and the combined strategy of exosome biomaterials (eg The M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system,79 engineering of BP-loaded HNV80 ) play a role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases.…”