Cumulative effects of cropping systems on the structure of the tilled layer in northern France

Boizard, Hubert; Richard, Guy; Roger-Estrade, Jean; Dürr, Carolyne; Boiffin, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00252-5

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such dynamic imposes a challenge on understanding and modeling preferential flow and solute transport through macropores as the field measurement is difficult and lacking. Formation of soil macropores depends on wetting and drying cycles, biological activities, land use, and tillage, and all these factors are interactive dynamically (Boizard et al 2002;Cameira et al 2003;Zhou et al 2008). Live plants or crop residues covering on soil surface properly enhance water infiltration rates by lowering the impact of rainfall (Mukhtar et al 1985;Radke and Berry 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal change in soil macropores measured using tension infiltrometer under different land uses and slope positions in subtropical China

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Soil macropores play a principal role in water infiltration but they are highly variable. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the temporal change in macropores of an Ultisol as affected by land use and slope position and (2) to analyze contribution of macropores to water infiltration. Materials and methods Water infiltration was measured at upper and lower slopes in citrus orchard and watermelon field once every 2 months for 1 year using tension infiltrometers at a successive pressure head from −12, −6, −3, to 0 hPa. Results and discussion Hydraulic conductivity (K) was significantly affected by land use and slope position except at 0 hPa pressure head, showing a significant temporal variation. Effective macroporosity, derived from the increment of hydraulic conductivity between −3 and 0 hPa, showed a significant temporal variation. Such temporal variation was land use (P<0.05) and slope position (P<0.001) dependent. Despite of low proportion in total soil volume (averaged 3.5 cm 3 m −3 ), the macropores contributed 47 % of water flux on average. The macroporosity was more stable and higher in the citrus orchard (2.43 cm 3 m −3 , coefficient of variance (CV)=75 %) than in the watermelon field (1.72 cm 3 m −3 , CV=117 %) and contributed more to infiltration in the citrus orchard (60 %, CV=16 %) than in the watermelon field (33 %, CV=43 %) as well, because tillage was operated only in the watermelon field.Conclusions No-tillage increased water conducting macropores but did not increase hydraulic conductivity irrespective of slope position.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal change in soil macropores measured using tension infiltrometer under different land uses and slope positions in subtropical China

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Deep mouldboard ploughing before plantation, chemical or mechanical weeding, multiple spreadings for disease protection and wine harvesting are vineyard operations that require heavy machinery. Furthermore, the risk of performing these operations under wet soil conditions, that are known as a determinant factor of soil compaction during tillage and traffic (Richard et al, 1999;Boizard et al, 2002), is very high for a permanent crop. This is especially true in the rainy spring and autumn periods that are often registered in this region and in the presence of shallow watertables that could affect soils (Tassinari et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assessment of the proportion of D zones identified on the observation face of a soil profile was proposed as a quantitative indicator of the cumulative change in soil structure (Manichon, 1987). More precise indicators taking into account the size, the form and the location in the profile can also be derived from image analysis (Boizard et al, 2002). The proportion of D zones and their spatial distribution in a soil profile have been successfully used to represent the change over time of soil structure under the influence of agricultural practices, climate and natural soil processes (Roger-Estrade et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of soil compaction over a vineyard region in relation with soils and cultivation operations

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Furthermore, dry-wet or freezing-thawing cycles can create cracks and enhance the sensitivity of compacted zones to fragmentation during tillage. Thus, seedbed preparation in spring will be more efficient in reducing the proportion of compacted zones, whereas seed bed preparation in autumn will only depend on the initial state (Boizard et al, 2002). Impacts of these weather cycles may also explain how the difference in N 2 O fluxes between no-tillage and conventional tillage could change over time.…”

Section: Other Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels, greenhouse gases and climate change. A review

Bessou

Ferchaud²,

Gabrielle³

et al. 2011

Agronomy Sust. Developm.

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted CO 2 returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site-and timeindependent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably N 2 O emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to l...

show abstract

Cumulative effects of cropping systems on the structure of the tilled layer in northern France

Cited by 68 publications

References 19 publications

Temporal change in soil macropores measured using tension infiltrometer under different land uses and slope positions in subtropical China

Temporal change in soil macropores measured using tension infiltrometer under different land uses and slope positions in subtropical China

Spatial variability of soil compaction over a vineyard region in relation with soils and cultivation operations

Biofuels, greenhouse gases and climate change. A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About