Cultural rights and their contribution to sustainable development: implications for cultural policy

The creative economy and sustainable development: The Baltic States

“…If the creative sector encourages economic growth and new jobs, the sector lacks state support and policies needed to internal- policies intended to increase public benefits. This relationship has been considered by a number of scholars (Balta Portoles & Dragicevic Sesic, 2017;Brocchi, 2008;Duxbury & Jeannotte, 2011;Fanea-Ivanovici, 2018;Soini & Dessein, 2016;Streimikiene, Mikalauskiene, & Kiausiene, 2019;Wu, Fan, & Chen, 2016), notwithstanding it warrants further investigation in order to provide policymakers with some background if they are to integrate the public benefits of creative industries and creativity development through increased state support. Therefore, although it is admitted by many scholars that creativity promotes inclusive social progress and sustainable growth, there is lack of empirically tested results.…”

The Impact of Value Created by Culture on Approaching the Sustainable Development Goals: Case of the Baltic States

“…When aiming to evaluate the value create by culture in a complex way, economic and non-economic evaluation methods could be applied. Reference [34] states that in order to gather and evaluate information on cultural input to economic growth, the methods of structural analysis that are related to such indicators as gross domestic product, value added, employment, expenditure of households, etc., could be employed [34]. According to the author, most states (including Lithuania) use the production or value chain approach for the assessment; structural analysis could be supplemented by assessing cultural sector's branches by various aspects, i.e., conducting statistical analysis of enterprises or expert review of individual branches, etc.…”

“…Comparing 2017 to 2015, the number of persons employed in the cultural field increased by 0.2 percentage points; moreover, the number of such persons in Estonia was the highest in comparison to the other EU Member States; the percentage of people employed in culture in 2017 varied from 1.6% in Romania to 5.5% in Estonia. In EU Member States, "in 2017 around 8.7 million people in the EU were working in a cultural sector or occupation, that is, 3.8% of the total number of people in employment"(With regard to economic sectors, cultural employment relates to activities such as: 'creative, arts and entertainment activities', 'libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities', 'publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing activities', 'printing', 'programming and broadcasting activities', 'motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities', or 'specialised design activities' [34]. ).…”

Evolution of the Cultural Trade Network in “the Belt and Road” Region: Implication for Global Cultural Sustainability

“…Furthermore, current literature on cultural sustainability has been found to address the issue from a national rather than international level. Critics have noted that cultural sustainability at the national level is threatened by the expansion and invasion of foreign cultures, and thus international factors should be included [37]. In particular, industrial expansion has been shown not only to be a driving force of economic globalization but also encourages "cultural hegemony" [38].…”