Cultural and Gender Differences in the Implications of Competition for Early Adolescent Friendship

Schneider, Barry H.; Woodburn, Sharon S.; Toro, María del Pilar Soteras del; Udvari, Stephen J.

doi:10.1353/mpq.2005.0013

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Within mainstream American culture, the effects of competitiveness likely differ for males and females (Schneider et al 2005). Research on gender stereotypes reveals that trait competitiveness is rated both as more typical of adult males (Rosenkrantz et al 1968) and as more desirable for males than for females (Bem 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research suggests that girls are less comfortable than boys in competitive circumstances (Benenson et al 2002) and that girls are socialized to mask overt competitiveness and aggressiveness more generally (Crick 1996;Grotpeter 1995, 1996;Underwood 2003). Consequently, overt trait competitiveness is positively valued in the male agentic orientation but is less congruent with the female communal orientation; therefore, overt competitiveness likely has fewer positive and more negative correlates with females' adjustment (Buhrmester 1996;Schneider et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitiveness, Gender, and Adjustment Among Adolescents

Hibbard

Buhrmester

2010

Sex Roles

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This study explored whether trait competitiveness in late adolescence is more detrimental to females' than males' social and psychological adjustment. Two types of competitiveness were studied, competing to win (CW; to dominate others) and competing to excel (CE; to surpass personal goals). Questionnaire ratings (by self and others) of 110 (53 females, 57 males, Mage 17.9 years) predominantly Caucasian (88.9%) high school students in northern Texas, USA were gathered. Males were higher on CW than females, but there were no gender differences on CE. For females, CW was associated with greater depression and loneliness, and with fewer and less close friendships. CE was associated with higher self-esteem and less depression for both genders, but was largely unrelated to social adjustment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitiveness, Gender, and Adjustment Among Adolescents

Hibbard

Buhrmester

2010

Sex Roles

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“…Competition can bring about a positive or negative effect. For example, findings from the study by Literte (2011) andSchneider et al (2005) had found that competition among students occurred in various situations and that it caused tension in their relationships. Apart from that, according to Black (2005) competition in the learning aspect had sometimes caused dissatisfaction among students.…”

Section: Discussion and Summary Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Competition is a form of interaction, where each individual would compete to obtain a reward or some limited resource (Charlesworth, 1996;Schneider et al, 2005;Tischler, 2011) and it is based on one rule mutually agreed upon (Tischler, 2011). In the context of this research, competition was seen during the quiz, calligraphy writing competition, sports events and so on.…”

Section: Discussion and Summary Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interactions among Multi-Ethnic Students

Hashim¹,

Bakar²,

Mamat³

et al. 2016

ASS

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Positive social interaction is a vital aspect of maintaining a harmonious condition, especially in Malaysia, a country which has a multiracial society. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the patterns of social interactions among multiethnic students in national secondary schools in Malaysia. The respondents for this study comprise two school administrators, seven teachers and 20 students of various ethnicities. They were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interview sessions either individually or in focus groups, observation and document analysis. The study's findings showed that, there are five patterns of social interaction such as cooperation, exchange, competition, conflict and non-verbal communication among multiethnic students. Although there was conflict, the underlying causes of the conflict were not due to racial issues. As well as the five patterns of social interactions stated above, stereotypes were also reported among students. Despite conflicts and stereotypes, the students actively attempted to learn about other cultures and demonstrated attitudes of acceptance towards friends from other ethnic backgrounds. This indicates that the social interaction among students is still favorable and can be further improved through appropriate response. Additionally, based on these findings, a few recommendations were made regarding this issue.

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“…Schneider, Woodburn, del Pilar Soteras del Toro, and Udvari (2005) found that some forms of competition indeed enhanced the friendships of early adolescents. Their study was based on the position of Sullivan (1953) that hostile forms of competition between friends in early adolescence would generally destroy their friendship.…”

Section: Competition Friendships and Peer Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 94%