Cu₃P Binary Phosphide: Synthesis via a Wet Mechanochemical Method and Electrochemical Behavior as Negative Electrode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu3P in the presence of n‐dodecane results in a material with a secondary particle size distribution of 10 μm, secondary particles which consist of homogeneously agglomerated 20 nm primary particles. The electrochemical performance of Cu3P with lithium is influenced by the reaction depth, in other words by the lower potential cut‐off. During the electrochemical reaction, the displacement of copper by lithium from the Cu3P structure until the formation of Li3P and Cu deteriorates the capacity retention. Improved performance was obtained when the charge potential was limited to 0.50 V (vs. Li/Li+) and the formation of the LixCu3‐xP phase (0 ≤ × ≤ 2). In this case, when the potential is limited to 0.5 V, the capacity is stable for more than 50 cycles. Acceptable electrochemical performances in Li‐ion cells within the voltage range 0.50–2.0 V (vs. Li/Li+) were shown when Cu3P was used as an anode and Li1.2(Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13)O2 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as positive electrode materials.

Chemical and Electrochemical Lithiation of van der Waals Tetrel‐Arsenides

“…In the case of Cu 3 P, irreversible conversiono ft he anode to elemental Cu was limited by narrowing the cycle voltage range,w hich led to al ongerl ifetime of the anode. [55] Similarly,t he longevities of GeAs and SiAs samples were increasedbylimiting the voltage window to 0.5-2.0 V. As expected, this resulted in the decrease of initial capacity (Figure 1, open symbols). Long-term cycling of GeAs and SiAs in this voltage range still offered 186 mAh g À1 and 120 mAh g À1 ,r espectively,a fter 50 cycles (Figure1), which is as ignificant improvement from the capacity achieved for samples treated in the 0.01-2 Vr ange.…”

“…Extensive research has been devoted to increasing the cyclability of these materials. In the case of Cu 3 P, irreversible conversion of the anode to elemental Cu was limited by narrowing the cycle voltage range, which led to a longer lifetime of the anode . Similarly, the longevities of GeAs and SiAs samples were increased by limiting the voltage window to 0.5–2.0 V. As expected, this resulted in the decrease of initial capacity (Figure , open symbols).…”

Superior electrochemical properties of spherical-like Co2(OH)3Cl-reduced graphene oxide composite powders with ultrafine nanocrystals

“…Whereas the development of Li-bearing mixed-oxide cathode materials has reached its limit, the development of anode materials using a variety of components is ongoing [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In particular, novel reaction concepts involving the reversible electrochemical reaction of Li with transition metal oxides have produced anode materials incorporating metal hydroxides, sulfides, chlorides, nitrides, fluorides, oxysulfides, and so on [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The electrochemical properties of metal-oxide materials with various compositions have been investigated for their suitability in LIB anodes because of the easy synthesis of these oxides.…”

Synthesis and Electrochemical Research of Milled Antimony and Red Phosphorus Hybrid Inlaid with Graphene Sheets as Anodes for Lithium–Sodium Storage

“…However, the larger radius of sodium ions (1.02 Å) implies inevitable drawbacks such as inferior kinetics, low Na + diffusivity, and drastic volume expansion during sodium uptake and removal . Therefore, commercial materials used for LIBs may not be suitable for application in SIBs, which usually suffer some dilemmas of weak sodium storage capacity and poor cycling stability . Thus, looking out for some unique materials, both for LIBs and SIBs, is particularly significant.…”