Synthesis and Electrochemical Research of Milled Antimony and Red Phosphorus Hybrid Inlaid with Graphene Sheets as Anodes for Lithium–Sodium Storage

Abstract

Antimony and red phosphorus (RP) hybrid is harvested via a facile mechanical milling strategy. Simultaneously, graphene sheets are introduced to boost the electronic transmission and mitigate the agglomeration of particles. In contrast to pristine Sb and RP electrodes, Sb/P/C hybrid affords comparably promising electrochemical performances. As anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, Sb/P/C electrode depicts a reversible capacity of 869 mAh g−1 under 200 mA g−1 after 50 cycles and an excellent rate stability such as 452 mAh g−1 at 3200 mA g−1. When used for sodium‐ion batteries, the hybrid also shows moderate capacities of 544.8 and 511 mAh g−1 at the current of 50 and 200 mA g−1 after 50 cycles, respectively. These excellent properties can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of decreased particle size of milled Sb/P/C, large contact area, adequate energy storage sites, and enhanced electrical conductivity.

Size Effects in Sodium Ion Batteries

“…With the reduction of particle size, the ratio of surface/interface to volume increases significantly, which enhances the contact surface area between the active materials and electrolyte and thus promotes the exchange of Na ions. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] Three kinds of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) were synthesized by Chen et al through a hydrothermal assisted sol-gel method, including nano-NVP@C, NVP@C and pure NVP. The nano-NVP@C showed the smallest and uniform size about 40 nm.…”

Synergetic V2O5·3H2O/Metallic VS2 Nanocomposites Endow a Long Life and High Rate Capability to Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…The cells delivered higher over-potential of Zn stripping/plating in the ZE electrolyte at the beginning with a sudden irreversible voltage drop after 25 h, reflecting the internal shorting in the cell caused by the Zn dendrites. 33 In contrast, a lower over-potential and preferable cycling stability up to 500 h without shorting could be observed in the symmetric battery with 41EZE electrolyte, signifying the enhanced Zn plating/stripping reversibility; 34 the corresponding images of the Zn anode in Figures 3c and S4 also manifest the suppressed Zn dendrite phenomenon in 41EZE. Figure S5 shows CV curves of SVO in 41EZE electrolyte; two pairs of redox peaks are observed, which are similar to those in the ZE electrolyte, suggesting that the EG additive will not affect the electrochemical reaction.…”

A Durable Na0.56V2O5 Nanobelt Cathode Material Assisted by Hybrid Cationic Electrolyte for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…With the development of electric vehicles and portable electronics, there has been a growing requirement for an efficient, stable and safe power supply system . Among various energy storage devices, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), characterized by the excellent energy density and long‐life utilization, have been widely applied in electric vehicles and intelligent equipment . However, the exposed safety issues in recent years and limited lithium reserves hinder the further application of LIBs in burgeoning energy devices .…”

“…[1] Among various energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), characterized by the excellent energy density and long-life utilization, have been widely applied in electric vehicles and intelligent equipment. [2,3] However, the exposed safety issues in recent years and limited lithium reserves hinder the further application of LIBs in burgeoning energy devices. [4] Hence, groping for rechargeable batteries that can make up for the disadvantages of LIBs is extremely forward-looking.…”