The multifactorial
nature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is
a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the
development of “multi-target-directed ligands” (MTDLs).
As cases increase in developing countries, there is a need of new
drugs that are not only effective but also accessible. With this motivation,
we report the first sustainable MTDLs, derived from cashew nutshell
liquid (CNSL), an inexpensive food waste with anti-inflammatory properties.
We applied a framework combination of functionalized CNSL components
and well-established acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) tacrine templates. MTDLs were selected based on hepatic, neuronal,
and microglial cell toxicity. Enzymatic studies disclosed potent and
selective AChE/BChE inhibitors (
5
,
6
, and
12
), with subnanomolar activities. The X-ray crystal structure
of
5
complexed with BChE allowed rationalizing the observed
activity (0.0352 nM). Investigation in BV-2 microglial cells revealed
antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities for
5
and
6
(already at 0.01 μM), confirming the design
rationale.