Palladium and Copper: Advantageous Nanocatalysts for Multi-Step Transformations

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles have been deeply studied in the last few decades due to their attractive physical and chemical properties, finding a wide range of applications in several fields. Among them, well-defined nano-structures can combine the main advantages of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Especially, catalyzed multi-step processes for the production of added-value chemicals represent straightforward synthetic methodologies, including tandem and sequential reactions that avoid the purification of intermediate compounds. In particular, palladium- and copper-based nanocatalysts are often applied, becoming a current strategy in the sustainable synthesis of fine chemicals. The rational tailoring of nanosized materials involving both those immobilized on solid supports and liquid phases and their applications in organic synthesis are herein reviewed.

Noble metal nanoparticles dispersed on nanocellulose: a green platform for catalytic organic transformations

“…During the last decade, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been extensively explored in a variety of catalytic organic transformations, typically C-C cross-coupling reactions, thanks to their high reactivity and versatility [28]. As awarded Nobel Prize in 2010, Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions involving Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira have been paid great attention thanks to a large application in the synthesis of carbon-based molecules [29].…”

“…Inherited from the previous studies on traditional supports [36], Pd(II) complexes loaded onto modified nanocellulose were mainly developed, such as Pd(II) catalyst supported on cellulose Schiff-base for Suzuki reaction under microwave assistance with 8 cycles [30], Pd(0) and Pd(II) hybrid supported on N-Methylimidazole functionalized carboxymethylcellulose for Suzuki reaction with 4 cycles [31]. Practically, Pd(0) nanoparticles supported on nanocellulose have been less reported due to more challenges in tuning their reactivity [28]; in the scope, the straightforward synthesis of PdNPs/nanocellulose for such C-C cross-coupling reactions will be briefly addressed, excluding the contributions on nanocellulose-supported Pd(II) hybrid catalysts.…”

Silica‐Supported 1st Row Transition Metal (Nano)Catalysts: Synthetic and Catalytic Insight

“…Metal‐catalyzed reactions are critical to achieve value‐added products and specifically heterogeneous catalysts, including supported metal nanoparticles and immobilized catalysts, have shown important performance [1–2] . Immobilized catalysts, in liquid or solid phases, offer several advantages over conventional homogeneous catalysts, including: i) increased thermal and chemical stability: they are less likely to be affected by environmental changes such as temperature, pH, and pressure; ii) increased selectivity: they may be able to catalyze specific reactions more efficiently, in particular those where regio‐ and stereoselectivity should be controlled; iii) increased cost‐effectiveness: there can be used for longer times, so they are more cost‐effective in the long run [3–10] …”

Cellulose nanocrystals isolated from corn leaf: straightforward immobilization of silver nanoparticles as a reduction catalyst

“…During the past decade, many insights into nanoscience and nanotechnology have brought diverse applications of nanostructured objects, in particular in catalytic organic syntheses and catalytic environmental treatments. [1][2][3][4][5] As an important landmark, the catalytic behaviours of nano-objects combine the advantages of traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, which can be tuned by their size, shape and distribution. In order to prevent the agglomeration leading to an increase in size, metal nanoparticles have been practically dispersed and immobilized in liquid (like ionic liquids, [6][7][8] polyols, [9][10][11][12][13][14] water, [14][15][16] etc.)…”