Crystallisation behaviour of CH3NH3PbI3 films: The benefits of sub-second flash lamp annealing

Muydinov, Ruslan; Seeger, Stefan; Kumar, Sri Hari Bharath Vinoth; Klimm, C.; Kraehnert, Ralph; Wagner, Markus R.; Szyszka, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2018.03.050

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The perovskites were subjected to 2000 J of energy in 2 ms. The films reached temperatures of 350-425 • C during the short-term heating and cooled to 100 • C within 3 ms, as the simulations displayed [80]. The extremely short times may result in the incomplete growth of the film surface, and the conversion of perovskite at the millisecond level was still lower than that of thermal treatment.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Wave Annealingmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Annealing Engineering in the Growth of Perovskite Grains

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Crystals

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising and fast-growing type of photovoltaic cell due to their low cost and high conversion efficiency. The high efficiency of PSCs is closely related to the quality of the photosensitive layer, and the high-quality light absorbing layer depends on the growth condition of the crystals. In the formation of high-quality crystals, annealing is an indispensable and crucial part, which serves to evaporate the solvent and drive the crystallization of the film. Various annealing methods have different effects on the promotion of the film growth process owing to the way they work. Here, this review will present a discussion of the growth puzzles and quality of perovskite crystals under different driving forces, and then explain the relationship between the annealing driving force and crystal growth. We divided the main current annealing methods into physical and chemical annealing, which has never been summarized before. The main annealing methods currently reported for crystal growth are summarized to visualize the impact of annealing design strategies on photovoltaic performance, while the growth mechanisms of thin films under multiple annealing methods are also discussed. Finally, we suggest future perspectives and trends in the industrial fabrication of PSCs in the future. The review promises industrial manufacturing of annealed PSCs. The review is expected to facilitate the industrial fabrication of PSCs.

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Section: Electromagnetic Wave Annealingmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the fabrication of perovskite films, infrared light can effectively promote precursor reactions and drive grain growth [72,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. Infrared light is an electromagnetic wave with a frequency between microwave and visible light.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Wave Annealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing Engineering in the Growth of Perovskite Grains

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Crystals

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“…It has also been demonstrated for fabricating ZrO 2 (Daunis et al, 2020) and HfO 2 (Tetzner et al, 2014) dielectric films from sol-gel precursors on flexible and rigid substrates, respectively. For PSCs, a few research groups have demonstrated that photonic curing can convert perovskite active layers (Lavery et al, 2016;Troughton et al, 2016;Muydinov et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2020). Separately, photonic curing has also been reported for making mesoporous or compact TiO 2 (Das et al, 2016;Feleki et al, 2017;Luo et al, 2017) or SnO 2 (Zhu et al, 2017) ETLs with thermally annealed perovskite active layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Curing of Nickel Oxide Transport Layer and Perovskite Active Layer for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: A Path Towards High-Throughput Manufacturing

Piper

Daunis

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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High-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently limited by thermal processes that take tens of minutes each, translating to impractically long annealing tools at high web speeds. In addition, PSCs are usually made with metal oxide transport layer materials that require high temperatures for thermal annealing. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of PSCs using photonic curing, instead of thermal annealing, to convert NiOx directly from sol-gel precursors for hole transport layers and to crystallize methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) active layers on flexible Willow® Glass substrates. Photonic curing uses short, intense pulses of light to process materials at a high speed, hence it is compatible with R2R manufacturing. We achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.7% in forward-scan and 10.9% in reverse-scan for PSCs made with photonic cured NiOx and MAPbI3 films. Furthermore, both NiOx and MAPbI3 films could be processed with a single photonic curing pulse, with a web speed of 5.7 m/min, and still produce PCEs comparable to thermally annealed control samples. Based on the single-pulse photonic curing condition for each film, we project a web speed of 26 m/min, laying a pathway to high-throughput production of perovskite solar modules.

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“…In terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, this flash xenon light produced films with better crystallinity than the conventional thermal annealing, but no device was made. 28 Also with a xenon lamp, Troughton et al demonstrated a PCE of 11.3% by flash-annealing CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x perovskite films in 1 ms. 29 Lavery et al pulse-annealed MAPbI 3 thin films within 2 ms via intense light irradiated from a xenon lamp. The consequential devices exhibited PCEs of up to 12.3%, which is similar to those of their thermally annealed samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flash lamp annealing was demonstrated on MAPbI 3 perovskite films with an annealing time of less than 3 ms by using a high-energy xenon light. In terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, this flash xenon light produced films with better crystallinity than the conventional thermal annealing, but no device was made . Also with a xenon lamp, Troughton et al demonstrated a PCE of 11.3% by flash-annealing CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3– x Cl x perovskite films in 1 ms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Scalable Perovskite Solar Modules Using Blade Coating and Rapid Thermal Processing

Ouyang

Yang

Whitaker

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Toward scalable manufacturing of perovskite solar panels, highperformance planar p−i−n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) and modules have been demonstrated with blade coating and rapid thermal processing (RTP). The PVSCs made using RTP for less than 30 s have equivalent photovoltaic performance as devices fabricated from hot-plate annealing for 2 min. The resulting PVSCs show the best average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 18.47% from forward and reverse scans. Mini-modules with an active area of over 2.7 cm 2 exhibit a champion average PCE of over 17.73% without apparent hysteresis. To the best of our knowledge, these efficiencies are the highest for PVSCs processed by the combination of blade coating and RTP. Furthermore, both the blade coating and RTP were performed in an ambient environment, paving the way for the large-scale production of PVSCs through high-speed roll-to-roll printing.

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Crystallisation behaviour of CH3NH3PbI3 films: The benefits of sub-second flash lamp annealing

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Annealing Engineering in the Growth of Perovskite Grains

Annealing Engineering in the Growth of Perovskite Grains

Photonic Curing of Nickel Oxide Transport Layer and Perovskite Active Layer for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: A Path Towards High-Throughput Manufacturing

Toward Scalable Perovskite Solar Modules Using Blade Coating and Rapid Thermal Processing

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