Cryopreserved Dental Pulp Tissues of Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Is a Feasible Stem Cell Resource for Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been considered to be a promising source for regenerative therapy because they contain unique postnatal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) with self-renewal capacity, multipotency and immunomodulatory function. However preservation technique of deciduous teeth has not been developed. This study aimed to evaluate that cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of human exfoliated deciduous teeth is a retrievable and practical SHED source for cell-based therapy. SHED isolated from the cryopreserved deciduous pulp tissues for over 2 years (25–30 months) (SHED-Cryo) owned similar stem cell properties including clonogenicity, self-renew, stem cell marker expression, multipotency, in vivo tissue regenerative capacity and in vitro immunomodulatory function to SHED isolated from the fresh tissues (SHED-Fresh). To examine the therapeutic efficacy of SHED-Cryo on immune diseases, SHED-Cryo were intravenously transplanted into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model MRL/lpr mice. Systemic SHED-Cryo-transplantation improved SLE-like disorders including short lifespan, elevated autoantibody levels and nephritis-like renal dysfunction. SHED-Cryo amended increased interleukin 17-secreting helper T cells in MRL/lpr mice systemically and locally. SHED-Cryo-transplantation was also able to recover osteoporosis bone reduction in long bones of MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, SHED-Cryo-mediated tissue engineering induced bone regeneration in critical calvarial bone-defect sites of immunocompromised mice. The therapeutic efficacy of SHED-Cryo transplantation on immune and skeletal disorders was similar to that of SHED-Fresh. These data suggest that cryopreservation of dental pulp tissues of deciduous teeth provide a suitable and desirable approach for stem cell-based immune therapy and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.

In Vitro Cultivation, Characterization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth on 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds

“…The hSHEDS are being widely investigated for their differentiation ability to odontoblastic cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, neural cells, adipocyte cells, and myocyte cells for tissue engineering purposes, in conditions which include, muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injuries, and various skeletal defects (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Mitochondria Regulate the Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

“…Exfoliated deciduous teeth are usually discarded as medical waste; therefore, SHED can be easily collected from exfoliated deciduous teeth with cooperation and agreement from the patient. SHED express embryonic stem cell markers Oct-4 and Nanog, the mesenchymal stem cell marker stromal precursor antigen-1 (STRO-1), and the neuronal stem cell marker Nestin and possess high prolifer-ation capacity; SHED also show multidifferentiation potential and can differentiate into neuronal, osteogenic, adipogenic, and hepatogenic cells (Ma et al, 2012;Miura et al, 2003;Yamaza et al, 2015). SHED have been shown to be able to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (Jarmalavičiūtė et al, 2013;Miura et al, 2003;Nourbakhsh et al, 2011;Sakai et al, 2012).…”

Stem Cells in Deciduous Teeth – Their Potential use in Medicine

“…Studies to test cryopreserving SHED have shown that these cells can recover after thawing and behave similarly to the non-cryopreserved counterparts [14]. When the deciduous…”