Crumpling effects and specific absorption rates of flexible AMC integrated antennas

Abstract

This study presents the design of a wearable textile-based monopole antenna integrated with a flexible artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The proposed design covers the industrial, scientific, and medical 2.45 GHz band. An AMC reflector is utilised to isolate the human body from undesired electromagnetic radiation and to improve the antenna radiation characteristics. A monopole antenna was backed with an AMC reflector and tested in free space and on human body models. The inclusion of an AMC reflector increases the front-to-back ratio and antenna gain in free space. On the human body models, the AMC antenna provides stable performance and a reduction in specific absorption rate levels compared with using the conventional monopole antenna. Moreover, the performance of the antenna with and without the AMC reflector under different crumpling conditions has been studied and presented. The effect of crumpling on reflection phase characteristics of the AMC reflector has been analysed as well.

An artificial magnetic conductor‐backed monopole antenna to obtain high gain, conformability, and lower specific absorption rate for WBAN applications

“…So it has used 2 × 2 array of the slotted cells to obtain the smallest possible size. 5,11 Thus, the total dimension of the AMC is settled at 60 mm × 60 mm as depicted in Figure 3A. The optimized parameters of AMC and monopole are listed in Table 1.…”

“…Wanchen Yang et al have proposed AMC probe feed patch antenna to enhance gain, bandwidth, and efficiency 4 . In article 5, wearable textile AMC integrated antenna operating at 2.45 GHz has presented to perform different bending conditions and reduced 90% SAR. An wearable AMC‐backed antenna operating at 2.4 GHz ISM band is designed to reduce SAR for on‐body applications 6 .…”

Design of antennas using artificial magnetic conductor layer to improve gain, flexibility, and specific absorption rate

“…Sundarsingh et al, 2 reported a wearable dual‐band polygon shaped antenna for bending, crumpling, wetness, and on‐body measurements. Alemaryeen et al, 3 has presented a monopole backed by AMC to reduce SAR utilizing the in‐phase reflection property. Saeed et al, 4 has proposed a dual‐band AMC antenna to enhance radiation performance and reduce SAR.…”

ENG and NZRI Characteristics of Decagonal-Shaped Metamaterial for Wearable Applications

“…Nevertheless, the human body is of high permittivity, and antenna operation when spaced closely to the human body, must be accounted for in the design process [4], [7]. Integrating metamaterials (MTMs) into the antenna design may also mitigate coupling effectively, as proposed in [3], [8]. The promising feature of MTMs enables them to facilitate antenna enhancement in terms of gain and radiation patterns modification, besides improved size compactness and broadening of the operating bandwidth [9], [10].…”

“…Apart from that, an investigation on explicit applications based on NZRI, has shown improvement in antenna performance at S, C, and X bands [10]. MTMs of various forms have also been proposed, including complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) [9], split-ring resonators (SRRs) [8], planar pattern and capacitance-loaded strips (CLSs) [11] as well as electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures [20].…”