Crosstalk between skin inflammation and adipose tissue-derived products: pathogenic evidence linking psoriasis to increased adiposity

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder associated with several comorbid conditions. In psoriasis pathogenesis, the role of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-17, has been elucidated. Beside their pro-inflammatory activity, they may also affect glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly promoting insulin resistance and obesity. On the other hand, adipose tissue, secreting adipokines such as chemerin, visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin, not only regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, and endothelial cell function regulation, but it may contribute to inflammation. Areas covered: This review provides an updated 'state-of-the-art' about the reciprocal contribution of a small subset of conventional cytokines and adipokines involved in chronic inflammatory pathways, upregulated in both psoriasis and increased adiposity. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed Medline database for primary articles. Expert commentary: Because psoriasis is associated with increased adiposity, it would be important to define the contribution of chronic skin inflammation to the onset of obesity and vice versa. Clarifying the pathogenic mechanism underlying this association, a therapeutic strategy having favorable effects on both psoriasis and increased adiposity could be identified.

Metabolic Syndrome and Selective Inflammatory Markers in Psoriatic Patients

“…Elevated serum concentration of leptin has been found in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and obesity status [15]. It has been suggested that leptin may be a marker of severity of psoriasis [20].…”

“…It activates monocytes and macrophages to produce proinflammatory IL-6 and TNF- α . Leptin also enhances the production of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines and suppresses the production of anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines at the same time [15]. Resistin is another adipocyte-specific proinflammatory polypeptide synthesized mostly by macrophages and monocytes contained in fat tissue.…”

Serum fatty acid profile in psoriasis and its comorbidity

“…Particularly patients with severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality that is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors [2, 23]. The release of inflammatory molecules and cytokines in psoriasis may play an important role in this association [9]. Psoriasis predispose to metabolic disturbances, and on the other hand obesity can worsen the skin inflammation in psoriasis.…”

Leptin and Adiponectin Levels of Asthmatic Iraqi Children in Hilla Province

“…These findings were consistent with some studies published recently [28] Guler et al that found the same results. In fact, leptin was mainly secreted by adipocytes and target the cells directly, such as epithelial cells, nervous cells, and immune cells (T helper), by expressing its receptor (LEPR) which lead to the first steps of pathological pathway of many inflammatory diseases [29].…”