Cross-validation of the Utility of Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Cut-offs in a Large Colombian Sample

Bailey, K. Chase; Goatte, William; Ramos-Usuga, Daniela; Rivera, Diego; Arango‐Lasprilla, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1007/s12207-021-09407-z

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A study examining Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) scores across individuals in eight Spanish-speaking Latin American countries found a negative correlation between Trial 2 scores, education level, age, and level of economic development in participants’ nation of origin (Nijdam-Jones et al, 2017). A similar negative correlation was found between levels of education, age, and TOMM scores in a Colombian sample (Bailey et al, 2021), although this difference was not apparent in the scores for individuals residing in Spain (Vilar-López et al, 2007). The trend of these results suggests that in PVTs, error may be most attributable to the combined factors of age and level of exposure to Westernized education.…”

Section: Pragmatic Practice Suggestionssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…of origin . A similar negative correlation was found between levels of education, age, and TOMM scores in a Colombian sample (Bailey et al, 2021), although this difference was not apparent in the scores for individuals residing in Spain (Vilar-Lo ´pez et al, 2007). The trend of these results suggests that in PVTs, error may be most attributable to the combined factors of age and level of exposure to Westernized education.…”

Section: Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Given the state of the current research, PVTs remain recommended for Spanish-speaking populations, though there are questions regarding whether the traditional cutoff scores should be adjusted for individuals who are of older age or have lower levels of formal education (Bailey et al, 2021). Less is known about the reliability of PVTs in populations that speak languages other than English or Spanish, and it is still somewhat unclear how cultural factors impact assessment results in those populations.…”

Section: Pragmatic Practice Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.

Bergkamp¹,

McIntyre²,

Hauser³

2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: State of Washington v. Sisouvanh (2012) was the first case in which an appellate court asserted the need for cultural competence in competency-to-stand-trial evaluations. A court reiterated this need in State of Washington v. Ortiz-Abrego (2017). Research in forensic psychology seldom addressed cultural considerations in pretrial evaluations until this past decade, but the growing body of literature pales in comparison to the work found in clinical and counseling psychology. Most of the current literature acknowledges the lack of professionally sanctioned practice guidelines and makes valuable suggestions regarding how to address cultural factors that are relevant to the requisite capacities of legal competency. Yet, none of this research addresses potential risks incurred by the evaluators who attempt to incorporate these suggestions into practice or acknowledges the possible incompatibility between forensic and cultural competency principles. Hypotheses: The authors posit there may be areas of incompatability, or tension, between the tenets of forensic psychology and cultural competency. Method: To examine this potential incompatibility, we reviewed legal cases with cultural implications, addressed recent developments regarding cultural "incompetence," and conducted an overview of cultural competency in clinical and forensic psychology. Results: Comparing general principles of forensic psychology with those of cultural responsiveness and humility, we found that questions emerged regarding the potential philosophical conflicts as well as risks that may be incurred by individual evaluators in legal settings. Conclusions: The resultant dilemma sets the stage for pragmatic suggestions regarding communication, assessment, and diagnosis. Finally, we emphasize the need for sanctioned practice guidelines. Public Significance StatementThe field of forensic psychology must reconcile the potential incompatibility between forensic and cultural competency principles to better support forensic professionals in their practice. We encourage practitioners to utilize existing methods and tools to integrate cultural factors, and we call on professional organizations involved in forensic psychology to assist in clarifying how to operationalize social responsiveness within the field.

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Section: Pragmatic Practice Suggestionssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Pragmatic Practice Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.

Bergkamp¹,

McIntyre²,

Hauser³

2023

Law and Human Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As education showed significant correlations with multiple PVTs, more robust analysis of samples with greater representation of patients with very high or low education levels is needed to further clarify this relationship. Although not a specific focus of this study, this is a particularly relevant future direction for PVTs studies with individuals educated outside of the United Stated given that low formal education levels may exert more of an effect on PVT performance in these populations (e.g., Bailey et al, 2021; Rhoads, Leib, et al, 2021). Future research may benefit from continued exploration of individual freestanding and embedded PVTs (and their correlation to specific demographic variables, seeing as numerous correlations in this study revealed small effects (e.g., premorbid IQ)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies evaluating PVTs in monolingual Spanish speakers in North and Central America have demonstrated sensitivity to differences in education, such that cut scores need to be adjusted to maintain adequate specificity among persons with lower levels of education (e.g., Bailey et al, 2021;Robles et al, 2015;Strutt et al, 2011Strutt et al, , 2012. This sensitivity to education effects was not demonstrated in a sample of bilingual Mexican American adults (Gasquoine et al, 2017), but has been observed among individuals with psychotic disorders (Ruiz et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do demographic factors influence detection of invalid neuropsychological test performance using common performance validity tests? A multisite investigation.

Soble¹,

Cerny²,

Rhoads³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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Objective: This study examined the extent to which demographic variables (i.e., age, education, premorbid IQ, sex, ethnoracial identity, and presence/absence of external incentive) affect performance validity test (PVT) performance. Method: This cross-sectional study examined two distinct, diverse outpatient clinical samples at an academic medical center (AMC, N = 268) and a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center (N = 111). All patients completed a battery including five PVTs. Premorbid IQ was assessed using the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) in the AMC sample. Results: Multiple correlations between demographic variables and individual PVT performance were statistically significant, but accompanying effect sizes were small, except for the relationship of premorbid IQ and reliable digit span (RDS). Regressions showed demographic variables accounted for 7%–11% of the variance in individual PVT scores in the AMC sample, and 6%–26% in the VA sample, premorbid IQ driving results in the AMC sample and compensation-seeking status in the VA sample. Other demographic variables did not correlate with compensation-seeking status. Additionally, premorbid IQ was found to be significantly higher in validly performing individuals compared to those performing invalidly in the AMC sample. Conclusion: Most demographic factors evaluated accounted for relatively little variance in individual PVT performance and did not significantly predict overall validity categorization. Compensation-seeking status correlated with validity classification across both groups, but offers limited diagnostic utility itself compared to objective PVT scores. Premorbid IQ within the AMC group demonstrated influence on particular PVTs (i.e., RDS) reflecting the difficulty of assessing validity within low IQ populations, particularly with PVTs more strongly correlated with IQ.

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Relative Rates of Invalidity for the Test of Memory Malingering and the Dot Counting Test Among Spanish-Speaking Patients Residing in the USA

Rhoads

Leib

Resch

et al. 2021

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Cross-validation of the Utility of Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Cut-offs in a Large Colombian Sample

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.

An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.

Do demographic factors influence detection of invalid neuropsychological test performance using common performance validity tests? A multisite investigation.

Relative Rates of Invalidity for the Test of Memory Malingering and the Dot Counting Test Among Spanish-Speaking Patients Residing in the USA

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